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MICROLESSON ON PRIOR KNOWLEDGE<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n
Does Prior Knowledge Help or Hinder Learning?<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n\n
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In this microlesson<\/strong>, we will take you through various key aspects of prior knowledge. You will be doing the following tasks:<\/h3>\n\n
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Reading a couple of short teacher experiences<\/strong><\/h3>\n\t<\/li>\n\t
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Watching part of an instructional video<\/strong><\/h3>\n\t<\/li>\n\t
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Testing your knowledge about this topic with a zero stakes quiz<\/strong><\/h3>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n
Let's get started!<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n
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The content is taken from the chapter of a book titled \"How Learning Works : Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Teaching\" by Susan A. Ambrose, Michael W. Bridges, Michele DiPietro, Marsha C. Lovett, Marie K. Norman, and Richard E. Mayer (2010). <\/em><\/p>\n\n
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READ THE FOLLOWING TEACHER EXPERIENCES<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n
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WHAT IS GOING ON IN THESE STORIES?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
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\"The instructors in these stories seem to be doing all the right things. Professor Won takes the time to gauge students\u2019 knowledge of statistical tests so that she can pitch her own instruction at the appropriate level. Professor Dione carefully explains a difficult concept, provides concrete examples, and even gives an explicit warning about a common misconception. Yet neither instructor\u2019s strategy is having the desired effect on students\u2019 learning and performance. To understand why, it is helpful to consider the effect of students\u2019 prior knowledge on new learning.\" (Ambrose et al., 2010)<\/p>\n\n
As we reflect on this, the following video excerpt can help us understand this better.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n
(Note<\/strong>: When you press the play button, the video will start automatically at the 13:50 mark and stop automatically at the 20:46 mark). <\/em><\/span><\/h3>\n\n
Please continue with the lesson. <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n
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<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"849c3290-9295-496e-a207-3070c8d5ad9d"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"interactiveVideo":{"video":{"startScreenOptions":{"title":"How Learning Works - Prior Knowledge","hideStartTitle":false},"textTracks":{"videoTrack":[{"label":"Subtitles","kind":"subtitles","srcLang":"en"}]},"files":[{"path":"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/104145226","mime":"video\/unknown","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"assets":{"interactions":[{"x":28.60411899313501,"y":28.45528455284553,"width":16.933638443935926,"height":10.429061784897025,"duration":{"from":0,"to":0},"libraryTitle":"Text","action":{"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","params":{"text":"
You can now stop watching this video. This was the key section of the video we wanted you to watch.<\/p>\n\n
Let's do a quick 'Test Me'!<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"f843ee76-5ef0-4013-98fe-6da25f5832ce"},"pause":true,"displayType":"poster","buttonOnMobile":false,"visuals":{"backgroundColor":"rgb(255, 255, 255)","boxShadow":true},"goto":{"url":{"protocol":"http:\/\/"},"visualize":false,"type":""},"label":""},{"x":34.32494279176201,"y":32.520325203252035,"width":12.356979405034323,"height":5.491990846681922,"duration":{"from":0,"to":0},"libraryTitle":"Text","action":{"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","params":{"text":"
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<\/p>\n\n
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<\/p>\n\n
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SO WHAT DOES ALL THIS MEAN?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
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<\/p>\n\n
YES prior knowledge is important<\/span><\/strong> <\/strong><\/span>AND as instructors, we can and should build on students\u2019 prior knowledge. BUT it is also important to recognize that not all prior knowledge provides an equally solid foundation for new learning<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n
Ambrose et al. provide us with the following PRINCIPLE<\/span><\/strong>: <\/h3>\n\n
<\/p>\n\n
Students' prior knowledge can HELP or HINDER learning.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n
<\/h3>\n\n
To conclude this microlesson, please take a quick moment to complete the following zero stakes quiz:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n
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Drag and Drop<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\t<\/li>\n\t
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Multiple Choice Questions X 2<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n
<\/p>\n\n
<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"97e1707e-bfc0-4654-913f-74434849cc22"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"scoreShow":"Check","tryAgain":"Retry","scoreExplanation":"Correct answers give +1 point. Incorrect answers give -1 point. The lowest possible score is 0.","question":{"settings":{"size":{"width":620,"height":310}},"task":{"elements":[{"x":41.935483870967744,"y":25.483870967741936,"width":5.45078125,"height":1.07578125,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Activated<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":41.935483870967744,"y":35.483870967741936,"width":5.45078125,"height":1.07578125,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Inactive<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":41.935483870967744,"y":45.16129032258064,"width":5.45078125,"height":1.07578125,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Sufficient<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":41.935483870967744,"y":54.83870967741935,"width":5.45078125,"height":1.07578125,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Inaccurate<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":41.935483870967744,"y":64.51612903225806,"width":5.45078125,"height":1.07578125,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Insufficient<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":40.32258064516129,"y":74.19354838709677,"width":6.70078125,"height":1.70078125,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Appropriate<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":40.32258064516129,"y":87.09677419354838,"width":6.70078125,"height":1.70078125,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Inappropriate<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":41.935483870967744,"y":16.129032258064516,"width":5.45078125,"height":1.07578125,"dropZones":["0","1"],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Accurate<\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false},{"x":9.67741935483871,"y":0,"width":30.875,"height":5,"dropZones":[],"type":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
What characteristics of prior knowledge help or hinder learning?<\/p>\n\n
Drag and Drop. <\/p>\n"},"metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"backgroundOpacity":100,"multiple":false}],"dropZones":[{"x":3.225806451612903,"y":22.58064516129032,"width":12.5,"height":15,"correctElements":["0","2","5","7"],"showLabel":true,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":false,"autoAlign":false,"label":"
Helps Learning When<\/div>\n"},{"x":64.51612903225806,"y":22.58064516129032,"width":12.5,"height":15,"correctElements":["1","3","4","6"],"showLabel":true,"backgroundOpacity":100,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":""},"single":false,"autoAlign":false,"label":"
Hinders Learning When<\/div>\n"}]}},"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"singlePoint":false,"applyPenalties":true,"enableScoreExplanation":true,"dropZoneHighlighting":"dragging","autoAlignSpacing":2,"enableFullScreen":false,"showScorePoints":true,"showTitle":true},"grabbablePrefix":"Grabbable {num} of {total}.","grabbableSuffix":"Placed in dropzone {num}.","dropzonePrefix":"Dropzone {num} of {total}.","noDropzone":"No dropzone.","tipLabel":"Show tip.","tipAvailable":"Tip available","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","feedbackHeader":"Feedback","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","scoreExplanationButtonLabel":"Show score explanation","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again.","localize":{"fullscreen":"Fullscreen","exitFullscreen":"Exit fullscreen"},"submit":"Submit"},"library":"H5P.DragQuestion 1.14","metadata":{"contentType":"Drag and Drop","license":"U","title":"Question #1 - Drag and Drop"},"subContentId":"176cf494-0f2c-4d10-b68e-d939a1058993"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
The students\u2019 prior knowledge wasn\u2019t activated.<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
The students\u2019 prior knowledge was insufficient (students\u2019 had some relevant knowledge, but not enough).<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
The students\u2019 prior knowledge was inappropriate (students\u2019 knowledge was accurate, but they tried to apply it to a situation where it didn\u2019t apply).<\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
The students\u2019 prior knowledge was inaccurate (students\u2019 knowledge of statistics was wrong).<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":true,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again.","submitAnswerButton":"Submit"},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
Question #2<\/p>\n\n
In the Research Methods example at the top of the screen, a professor asked students what kinds of statistical tests they had learned in their previous statistics course. The students reported they had learned about T-tests, chi-square, and ANOVA. Yet when the professor tested them on this material, they performed poorly. What\u2019s the most likely reason for this?<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"Question #2 Multiple Choice - Choose the best possible answer."},"subContentId":"1adc25b4-a12c-4ace-8be9-6d6db6fed2e3"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"answers":[{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
The students\u2019 prior knowledge wasn\u2019t activated. <\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
The students\u2019 prior knowledge was insufficient (students\u2019 had some relevant knowledge, but not enough). <\/div>\n"},{"correct":false,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
The students\u2019 prior knowledge was inappropriate (students\u2019 knowledge was accurate, but they tried to apply it to a situation where it didn\u2019t apply).<\/div>\n"},{"correct":true,"tipsAndFeedback":{"tip":"","chosenFeedback":"","notChosenFeedback":""},"text":"
The students\u2019 prior knowledge was inaccurate (students\u2019 were misled by their prior associations with the word \u201cnegative\u201d).<\/div>\n"}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"type":"auto","singlePoint":false,"randomAnswers":true,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"autoCheck":false,"passPercentage":100,"showScorePoints":true},"UI":{"checkAnswerButton":"Check","showSolutionButton":"Show solution","tryAgainButton":"Retry","tipsLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","tipAvailable":"Tip available","feedbackAvailable":"Feedback available","readFeedback":"Read feedback","wrongAnswer":"Wrong answer","correctAnswer":"Correct answer","shouldCheck":"Should have been checked","shouldNotCheck":"Should not have been checked","noInput":"Please answer before viewing the solution","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again.","submitAnswerButton":"Submit"},"confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"question":"
Question #3<\/p>\n\n
In the Introductory Psychology class example, described above, students continued to confuse punishment and negative reinforcement, even though the difference between the two concepts had been explained to them. What the most likely reason for this?<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.MultiChoice 1.16","metadata":{"contentType":"Multiple Choice","license":"U","title":"Question #3 Multiple Choice - Choose the best possible answer."},"subContentId":"71f6475f-004e-4988-bc57-d03e236cfe4f"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]}

Does Prior Knowledge Help or Hinder Learning?_version 2

Nidhi Sachdeva, PhD