{"presentation":{"slides":[{"elements":[{"x":13.071895424836601,"y":2.150537634408602,"width":74.07407407407408,"height":81.72043010752688,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f0219f1e75f1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1190,"height":664},"alt":"Map of Earth with plate tectonic boundaries","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"43b10de4-f0e5-429e-ac53-60891e889590","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":20.697167755991288,"y":83.82064516129033,"width":57.734204793028326,"height":13.978494623655912,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

ESS205 Confronting Global Change<\/p>\n\n

Topic 1: Introduction, Earth System Spheres, and Earth History<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"b7a10bb2-e5af-4deb-8b05-706958eaf321","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"slideBackgroundSelector":{},"elements":[{"x":2.178649237472767,"y":4.29436559139785,"width":63.18082788671024,"height":70.96774193548387,"action":{"library":"H5P.Video 1.6","params":{"visuals":{"fit":true,"controls":true},"playback":{"autoplay":false,"loop":false},"l10n":{"name":"Video","loading":"Video player loading...","noPlayers":"Found no video players that supports the given video format.","noSources":"Video is missing sources.","aborted":"Media playback has been aborted.","networkFailure":"Network failure.","cannotDecode":"Unable to decode media.","formatNotSupported":"Video format not supported.","mediaEncrypted":"Media encrypted.","unknownError":"Unknown error.","invalidYtId":"Invalid YouTube ID.","unknownYtId":"Unable to find video with the given YouTube ID.","restrictedYt":"The owner of this video does not allow it to be embedded."},"sources":[{"path":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/m4TnPv_b6WU","mime":"video\/YouTube","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"subContentId":"e0153cd5-c7b0-4417-904e-bc7f81249298","metadata":{"contentType":"Video","license":"U","title":"Earth System Spheres"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":66.88115468409586,"y":2.1438172043010755,"width":31.154684095860567,"height":60.21505376344086,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f021bf1e53fe.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":877,"height":860},"alt":"Earth System Spheres","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"de226b0c-3b8d-436c-a5df-77a674765316","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":76.25272331154684,"y":58.70967741935483,"width":19.274740290291522,"height":40,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f021c08e7e18.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":415,"height":436},"alt":"Matter and energy flow through systems","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"e4c93247-f86b-4abb-bad1-8b4ae038eeb0","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":78.90451612903226,"width":74.07407407407408,"height":19.354838709677416,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

The Earth system spheres interact with one another. For example, gases pass between the atmosphere and the ocean (where they dissolve). Both matter <\/strong>and energy <\/strong>can move through the systems. Flow rates (fluxes<\/strong>) determine how quickly material is flowing from one reservoir <\/strong>(a storage place, such as the ocean) to another.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"99325a77-d891-4d8f-9c47-6f8714f71279","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}]},{"elements":[{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":2.1438172043010755,"width":31.154684095860567,"height":81.72043010752688,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f021d1c7cff2.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":695,"height":922},"alt":"Layers as determined by temperature within out planets atmosphere","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"64ede569-4dce-42e9-8dea-0e1f55af4947","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":32.677995642701525,"y":2.1404580645161286,"width":41.394335511982575,"height":61.93548387096774,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f021d43e61bd.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":763,"height":578},"alt":"Hydrosphere, the basic water cycle","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"68d7174c-1be0-42d6-b558-1b785d7d4608","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":75.16339869281046,"y":2.1438172043010755,"width":24.074074074074076,"height":97.20430107526882,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f021d613ca15.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":529,"height":1076},"alt":"Biosphere, living and once living things","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"3d7a72e5-bc17-498b-b0ef-7dcfaa79e461","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":0.5446623093681917,"y":85.16129032258064,"width":39.97821350762527,"height":10.75268817204301,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

The atmosphere, with its layers divided by temperature. We will cover more on this later.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"f09dcad2-10ed-41a9-8f42-2523a335a3da","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":33.44226579520697,"y":65.3763440860215,"width":39.97821350762527,"height":15.053763440860214,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

The hydrosphere, you learned it in grade school as the \"water cycle\" or the \"hydrologic cycle\".<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"0ec4a358-c93b-49cc-9519-a89cea5137e3","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":41.394335511982575,"y":78.99870967741936,"width":32.135076252723316,"height":15.053763440860214,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

The biosphere, here showing the narrow band of depth\/altitude at which life thrives on planet Earth. <\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"2ac51cef-fe8f-45b3-b8cf-ae5313848135","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":47.930283224400874,"y":60.21505376344086,"width":25.925925925925927,"height":5.161290322580645,"action":{"library":"H5P.Audio 1.5","params":{"fitToWrapper":true,"playerMode":"full","controls":true,"autoplay":true,"playAudio":"Play audio","pauseAudio":"Pause audio","contentName":"Audio","audioNotSupported":"Your browser does not support this audio","files":[{"path":"audios\/files-5f021ee80e847.m4a","mime":"audio\/mp4","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"subContentId":"c0b7a4e1-f1cb-4c26-8ce7-a0dd2bf08198","metadata":{"contentType":"Audio","license":"U","title":"Biosphere_Ecosphere"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":0,"y":2.150537634408602,"width":47.930283224400874,"height":55.26881720430107,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f0229cf3440d.gif","mime":"image\/gif","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":994,"height":580},"alt":"Dust cloud from the Sahara Desert moving across the Atlantic Ocean","title":"Dust cloud from the Sahara Desert moving across the Atlantic Ocean","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"746426f4-8d13-48ce-acfa-8cabc72066f8","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":16.338126361655775,"y":90.21505376344085,"width":66.44880174291939,"height":8.602150537634408,"action":{"library":"H5P.Link 1.3","params":{"linkWidget":{"protocol":"https:\/\/","url":"www.nasa.gov\/feature\/goddard\/2020\/nasa-noaa-s-suomi-npp-satellite-analyzes-saharan-dust-aerosol-blanket"},"title":"Link to further information about the Saharan dust cloud of summer 2020"},"subContentId":"e4273181-5f42-4088-a530-22509b2a4885","metadata":{"contentType":"Link","license":"U"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":47.930283224400874,"y":2.1438172043010755,"width":46.732026143790854,"height":53.76344086021505,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f022a89a8258.gif","mime":"image\/gif","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":994,"height":580},"alt":""True colour" satellite imagery. VIIRS instrument aboard NASA\/NOAA\u2019s Suomi NPP satellite","title":""True colour" satellite imagery. VIIRS instrument aboard NASA\/NOAA\u2019s Suomi NPP satellite","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"8e0e570f-c22f-401d-ad02-e986db3e57a9","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":1.4161220043572984,"y":66.62645161290322,"width":96.94989106753813,"height":23.65591397849462,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

Images from NASA-NOAA's Suomi NPP satellite. The satellite is being used to map dust and aerosols as they cross the Atlantic Ocean and land in the Brazilian rainforest and the Caribbean Sea. Although dust clouds are normal, this is the worst one in many years! It is wider across than is North America!<\/p>\n\n

Consider specifically <\/em>how this interaction includes all 4 of the Earth System spheres.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"90341a00-32bb-403c-ac77-d75d10cd0f1f","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":17.429193899782135,"y":58.064516129032256,"width":8.714596949891067,"height":6.451612903225806,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

Aerosols<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"65c80137-1866-45b5-9b70-0ed272795ee2","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":57.734204793028326,"y":57.634408602150536,"width":27.233115468409586,"height":6.451612903225806,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

\"True colour\" satellite imagery<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"044fbc3c-5af6-4825-bcd6-308a2ec357f8","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":0,"y":0,"width":71.35076252723312,"height":99.99999999999999,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f021f870cdb3.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1000,"height":709},"alt":"air pollution over a factory","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"e9aba265-58a2-4ad1-8174-14510a6df86d","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":0.5446623093681917,"y":0,"width":41.394335511982575,"height":58.064516129032256,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

Why study the history of the Earth?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u2022<\/span>Geology<\/span> <\/strong>is the science that studies the history of Earth and its life<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u2022<\/span>Understanding how Earth changes tells us how natural processes affect humans <\/span><\/span>and<\/span><\/span> how humans affect natural processes<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u2022<\/span>Many natural processes act very<\/span> slowly<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u2022<\/span>Earth\u2019s environments change over the time span of many human generations<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"b96bdd0c-8919-4fd1-99c0-f2971712a01a","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":58.82352941176471,"y":46.666666666666664,"width":40.08714596949891,"height":52.90322580645161,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f021fcdb738b.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":784,"height":525},"alt":"Map of per capita population on Earth","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"cfa77b95-d33b-40a7-9e5a-9a8b616a755a","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":64.64117647058823,"y":0.4233870967741936,"width":33.333333333333336,"height":49.46236559139785,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f022007152fb.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":711,"height":536},"alt":"scale of process versus threshold boundary character","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"acaa873c-bf18-48ce-ae7e-a625eb8ae35b","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":2.1438172043010755,"width":65.359477124183,"height":96.77419354838709,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f022c31d9e77.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":932,"height":700},"alt":"Carl Sagan's cosmic calendar","title":"Carl Sagan's cosmic calendar","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"8f9dbede-c4f4-419a-b4bb-130bcf246356","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":70.80610021786492,"y":6.438172043010752,"width":25.272331154684096,"height":73.11827956989247,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

Carl SAGAN imagined all of history, from the moment of the Big Bang, as one calendar year<\/strong>. So the Big Bang occurred on Jan 1 at midnight. The rest of the major events in the formation of the Universe, our Milky Way galaxy, our Solar System, and the evolution of our planet thus occur on the following 364 days of that imaginary year. Look in particular at all that happened on Dec 31st!<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"2d6b28b2-40f3-4591-8d06-15c29c6b9599","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":2.1438172043010755,"width":37.03703703703704,"height":96.34408602150538,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f022e80cd48f.gif","mime":"image\/gif","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":380,"height":502},"alt":"Geologic time scale","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"7dde0b97-84fe-4035-b836-1c6990e1ecc9","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":67.53812636165577,"y":93.76344086021504,"width":30.501089324618736,"height":6.236559139784946,"action":{"library":"H5P.Audio 1.5","params":{"fitToWrapper":true,"playerMode":"full","controls":true,"autoplay":true,"playAudio":"Play audio","pauseAudio":"Pause audio","contentName":"Audio","audioNotSupported":"Your browser does not support this audio","files":[{"path":"audios\/files-5f0230d8cc148.m4a","mime":"audio\/mp4","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"subContentId":"e471656f-4882-42cf-bbed-ed7095b00774","metadata":{"contentType":"Audio","license":"U","title":"Geologic Timescale"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":51.27995642701525,"y":2.1438172043010755,"width":47.82135076252723,"height":92.47311827956989,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f023108a9cba.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":513,"height":501},"alt":"CN Tower by Eyles","title":"CN Tower by Eyles","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"80c4b28f-7720-4941-bbff-6c2dc65fbd87","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":49.673202614379086,"y":8.582,"width":11.982570806100219,"height":8.602150537634408,"action":{"library":"H5P.Shape 1.0","params":{"shape":{"fillColor":"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.01)","borderWidth":"3","borderStyle":"solid","borderColor":"rgb(231, 17, 17)","borderRadius":"0"},"type":"circle","line":{"borderColor":"#000000","borderWidth":"1","borderStyle":"solid"}},"subContentId":"818cbfdb-f3c3-440f-be33-390fd40076d3","metadata":{"contentType":"Shapes","license":"U"}},"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false},{"x":4.139433551198257,"y":4.301075268817204,"width":3.2679738562091503,"height":12.903225806451612,"action":{"library":"H5P.Shape 1.0","params":{"shape":{"fillColor":"rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.01)","borderWidth":"3","borderStyle":"solid","borderColor":"rgb(231, 17, 17)","borderRadius":"0"},"type":"circle","line":{"borderColor":"#000000","borderWidth":"1","borderStyle":"solid"}},"metadata":{"contentType":"Shapes","license":"U"},"subContentId":"2f28bfd4-5727-442e-ab09-6c24b0ddb3f9"},"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":4.29436559139785,"width":81.15468409586057,"height":90.32258064516128,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f023a32849ba.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":2000,"height":1125},"alt":"Major ice houses and hot houses in Earth's history","title":"Major ice houses and hot houses in Earth's history","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"c3dc12a0-3b98-487d-acdb-2d60118c0948","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":4.357298474945534,"y":8.588709677419356,"width":72.98474945533769,"height":12.903225806451612,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

This figure by N. Eyles shows major ice houses and hot houses in Earth's history. Huge changes in climate such as these are reflected in the fossil record. We will talk more about these ice houses and hot houses in a future lecture.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"8ebf38d4-50d8-4a49-9874-70b7e98f73d1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":2.178649237472767,"y":2.1404580645161286,"width":89.32461873638344,"height":94.62365591397848,"action":{"library":"H5P.Video 1.6","params":{"visuals":{"fit":true,"controls":true},"playback":{"autoplay":false,"loop":false},"l10n":{"name":"Video","loading":"Video player loading...","noPlayers":"Found no video players that supports the given video format.","noSources":"Video is missing sources.","aborted":"Media playback has been aborted.","networkFailure":"Network failure.","cannotDecode":"Unable to decode media.","formatNotSupported":"Video format not supported.","mediaEncrypted":"Media encrypted.","unknownError":"Unknown error.","invalidYtId":"Invalid YouTube ID.","unknownYtId":"Unable to find video with the given YouTube ID.","restrictedYt":"The owner of this video does not allow it to be embedded."},"sources":[{"path":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/rWp5ZpJAIAE","mime":"video\/YouTube","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"subContentId":"1d19c5b6-7200-4d47-8119-89ccef7956fd","metadata":{"contentType":"Video","license":"U","title":"Geologic Time Scale"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":7.617712418300654,"y":26.011637931034482,"width":81.69934640522877,"height":10.775862068965518,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

Break time! Consider these 5 or 10 minute activites from MoveU at UofT:<\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n\n

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Differentiation = \"the Great Iron Catastrophe\"<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"34c06a0e-03a2-43f9-8324-bb1a517fba5e","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":28.32244008714597,"y":1.075268817204301,"width":35.729847494553375,"height":43.01075268817204,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f02387a3e839.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":585,"height":356},"alt":"Modern stromatolites","title":"Modern stromatolites","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"33559167-ed06-47ad-b14f-e6450b91651f","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":4.301075268817204,"width":25.258175020644746,"height":36.55913978494623,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f02384b22071.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":232,"height":170},"alt":"Banded iron formation","title":"Banded iron formation","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"98e540cb-852d-4540-994d-39f1fd53ce22","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":42.956989247311824,"width":35.947712418300654,"height":52.90322580645161,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f023860da92a.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":315,"height":235},"alt":"Oxygenation of Earth","title":"Oxygenation of Earth","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"211e45a3-1354-4b0d-882d-42741acaa151","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":66.99346405228758,"y":38.70967741935483,"width":32.46187363834423,"height":59.784946236559136,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f023898e0c17.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":265,"height":246},"alt":"Stromatolite structure","title":"Stromatolite structure","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"73a5a908-9a65-497e-a1de-aabb162f4962","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":65.35610021786493,"y":6.411290322580646,"width":31.59041394335512,"height":23.65591397849462,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

Stromatolites <\/strong>(cyanobacteria) photosythesizing <\/strong>during <\/strong>the PRECAMBRIAN: Proterozoic resulted in the oxygenation of our atmosphere<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"08874351-0692-4e78-8d7e-3b9cde2daa31","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":39.21568627450981,"y":1.5053763440860215,"width":22.875816993464053,"height":12.903225806451612,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

Modern day stromatolites in western Australia<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"f91ce156-fcd7-4266-aa77-73858dacf561","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":37.03703703703704,"y":43.81720430107527,"width":30.501089324618736,"height":55.91397849462365,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

BIF (banded iron formation)<\/strong> is the name of the sedimentary rock formed when this iron rusts (and thusly solidifies) and falls to the bottom of the ocean. The image at the top left shows BIF, an iron rich rock which we still use for 90% of our iron for steel <\/strong>today. Been to the Hamilton, ON harbour? You might have seen huge ships bringing blocks of BIF in to the steel factories in the harbour.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"a7dfd0c7-3c50-41a9-abfd-4d017b04a2ce","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":0.8602150537634408,"width":50.10893246187364,"height":73.9784946236559,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f0239005b271.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1563,"height":1169},"alt":"Oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans, formation of BIF","title":"Oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans, formation of BIF","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"ddd8c32e-6534-4b49-b64a-1fe1d1019dbf","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":52.58376906318083,"y":2.133737634408602,"width":46.732026143790854,"height":70.96774193548387,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f02397be0a8a.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":788,"height":605},"alt":"Oxygen and ozone levels over geologic time","title":"Oxygen and ozone levels over geologic time","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"a571c28e-ebbf-4335-8bdc-ae5283e39b82","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":76.34408602150538,"width":98.36601307189542,"height":23.65591397849462,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

You might very well be wondering where the iron came from! At mid-oceanic ridges iron rich magma (hot liquid rock) is constantly being brought to the surface. The iron is in a reduced form and is dissolved in the ocean until it encounters oxygen. When it is oxygenated (rusted), it can no longer stay dissolved in the water and it solidifies (aka precipitates out) and falls to the bottom of the ocean. Note: the usage of the word precipitates in geology doesn't <\/em>mean rain - it means that a solid \"came out of solution\" from a liquid, often through cooling.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"c10dd343-eb75-4502-89a4-149da8f293ff","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"slideBackgroundSelector":{},"elements":[{"x":2.178649237472767,"y":4.29436559139785,"width":67.53812636165577,"height":91.8279569892473,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f0239cc6987f.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":819,"height":564},"alt":"Evolution of life throughout Phanerozoic","title":"Evolution of life throughout Phanerozoic","decorative":false,"expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image"},"subContentId":"d151cd09-5ebf-4cd7-b309-7879dd1718c8","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":71.89542483660131,"y":6.438172043010752,"width":25.272331154684096,"height":47.31182795698924,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

From this graph you can see (red line) that oxygen levels<\/strong> in the atmosphere have fluctuated over Earth's history. They have at times been both lower <\/strong>(ex. Jurassic) and higher <\/strong>(ex. Carboniferous\/Permian) than today.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"40b535ef-8b14-4234-a4a5-82352ada2adb","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}]},{"elements":[{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":2.150537634408602,"width":87.14596949891067,"height":94.62365591397848,"action":{"library":"H5P.Video 1.6","params":{"visuals":{"fit":true,"controls":true},"playback":{"autoplay":false,"loop":false},"l10n":{"name":"Video","loading":"Video player loading...","noPlayers":"Found no video players that supports the given video format.","noSources":"Video is missing sources.","aborted":"Media playback has been aborted.","networkFailure":"Network failure.","cannotDecode":"Unable to decode media.","formatNotSupported":"Video format not supported.","mediaEncrypted":"Media encrypted.","unknownError":"Unknown error.","invalidYtId":"Invalid YouTube ID.","unknownYtId":"Unable to find video with the given YouTube ID.","restrictedYt":"The owner of this video does not allow it to be embedded."},"sources":[{"path":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RDQa0okkpf0","mime":"video\/YouTube","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"subContentId":"ac938057-72ef-410a-b19c-854cf39a71b8","metadata":{"contentType":"Video","license":"U","title":"Paleozoic"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":89.32461873638344,"y":25.806451612903224,"width":9.803921568627452,"height":17.204301075268816,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

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ESS205 Introduction, Earth System Spheres, Earth History

Description

Lisa Tutty