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Zounlome, N. O. O., & Wong, Y. J. (2019). Addressing male-targeted university sexual aggression: An experimental evaluation of a social norms approach. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 20(4)<\/em>, 528\u2013540. <\/span><\/p>\n\n

Hypothesis<\/strong>: This study had two sets of hypotheses. Firstly, researchers believed that those who were exposed to local norms and general norms would exhibit less sexual aggression attitudes and intentions than the control group and that the local norms would report lower levels than the general norms group. The second hypothesis was that researchers believed that the impact of anti-sexual violence messaging would be more effective in those who had a higher masculinity contingency threat and past sexual aggression than those with lower masculinity contingency threat and no past sexual aggression. <\/span><\/p>\n\n

Methodology<\/strong>: The participants were recruited for the study by using a pool of undergraduates at a university with a Psychology department. They were offered credit in their courses as an incentive to participate in the online study. From there selected participants completed a demographic survey and heterosexual men who self-identified were selected for the experiment \u2013 353 in total. First, participants completed questionnaires on masculinity contingency threat and past sexual aggression. Participants were then randomly assigned to one of three groups: local norms, general norms, or control. The local norms group was presented with statistics anti-sexual assault statistics about men who they were told were from their university. The general norms group were given the same statics but were told they were about men in general. The control group were given general statistics about their institution. After learning the statistics, all three groups were shown a short video depicting a man about to commit a sexual assault involving alcohol. After the video, participants were assessed about their attention to the video and then given surveys about attitudes towards sexual assault involving alcohol, acceptance of rape myths, self-perceived likelihood of committing sexual assault and future intentions to commit sexual coercion. <\/span><\/p>\n\n

Findings<\/strong>: The findings were consistent with the hypothesis that social norms, especially ones that are local in nature saw a reduction in the perceived likelihood that one would commit an assault, it was most effective in individuals with no history of sexual aggression and lower levels of masculinity contingency threat. <\/span><\/p>\n\n

Discussion and Limitations<\/strong>: The results of the study are consistent with other studies on the topic that find those with past sexual aggression and who feel like their masculinity is under threat are more likely to display sexually aggressive attitudes and intentions. This study also found that the use of local norms which are relevant to the group also had a moderating impact on sexual violence attitudes. Study is limited in a few ways most of the study participants self-identified as white so the study lacks racial diversity and cannot be generalized to non-white communities. Another limitation to the study was the questionnaire on alcohol facilitated sexual violence which only had one question.<\/span><\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"e10f2c2b-5a5e-4032-b816-4bb4b7c8052e","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}}],"keywordListEnabled":true,"globalBackgroundSelector":{},"keywordListAlwaysShow":false,"keywordListAutoHide":false,"keywordListOpacity":90},"override":{"activeSurface":false,"hideSummarySlide":false,"summarySlideSolutionButton":true,"summarySlideRetryButton":true,"enablePrintButton":false,"social":{"showFacebookShare":false,"facebookShare":{"url":"@currentpageurl","quote":"I scored @score out of @maxScore on a task at @currentpageurl."},"showTwitterShare":false,"twitterShare":{"statement":"I scored @score out of @maxScore on a task at @currentpageurl.","url":"@currentpageurl","hashtags":"h5p, course"},"showGoogleShare":false,"googleShareUrl":"@currentpageurl"}},"l10n":{"slide":"Slide","score":"Score","yourScore":"Your Score","maxScore":"Max Score","total":"Total","totalScore":"Total Score","showSolutions":"Show solutions","retry":"Retry","exportAnswers":"Export text","hideKeywords":"Hide sidebar navigation menu","showKeywords":"Show sidebar navigation menu","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","exitFullscreen":"Exit fullscreen","prevSlide":"Previous slide","nextSlide":"Next slide","currentSlide":"Current slide","lastSlide":"Last slide","solutionModeTitle":"Exit solution mode","solutionModeText":"Solution Mode","summaryMultipleTaskText":"Multiple tasks","scoreMessage":"You achieved:","shareFacebook":"Share on Facebook","shareTwitter":"Share on Twitter","shareGoogle":"Share on Google+","summary":"Summary","solutionsButtonTitle":"Show comments","printTitle":"Print","printIngress":"How would you like to print this presentation?","printAllSlides":"Print all slides","printCurrentSlide":"Print current slide","noTitle":"No title","accessibilitySlideNavigationExplanation":"Use left and right arrow to change slide in that direction whenever canvas is selected.","accessibilityCanvasLabel":"Presentation canvas. Use left and right arrow to move between slides.","containsNotCompleted":"@slideName contains not completed interaction","containsCompleted":"@slideName contains completed interaction","slideCount":"Slide @index of @total","containsOnlyCorrect":"@slideName only has correct answers","containsIncorrectAnswers":"@slideName has incorrect answers","shareResult":"Share Result","accessibilityTotalScore":"You got @score of @maxScore points in total","accessibilityEnteredFullscreen":"Entered fullscreen","accessibilityExitedFullscreen":"Exited fullscreen","confirmDialogHeader":"Submit your answers","confirmDialogText":"This will submit your results, do you want to continue?","confirmDialogConfirmText":"Submit and see results"}}

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Caitlin Cull