{"iconType":"icon","icon":"info","color":"#981d99","hotspots":[{"position":{"x":89.53674151874579,"y":88.54227689618327},"alwaysFullscreen":true,"content":[{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-65eb848d64bd8.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":2082,"height":1426},"alt":"Elevation map of Georgian Bay"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"c68dd138-0024-45d9-919f-3a4608051395"},{"params":{"text":"

Georgian Bay is the \"sixth Great Lake\", being an offshoot of Lake Huron. It is the subject of the Georgian Bay Geopark which also includes North Channel, and much of the land surrounding the water. It's geology is globally significant and includes representation of a large part of geologic time. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"6582788f-76e8-4f8c-ad30-3162d3c75e06"}],"header":"Georgian Bay"},{"position":{"x":9.26517602353812,"y":95.3883930245201},"alwaysFullscreen":false,"content":[{"params":{"text":"

<\/p>\n\n

Earth formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago through the accretion of dust and gas in the early solar nebula, eventually coalescing into a molten mass that differentiated into layers. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"5c39b88d-0d5c-4d59-88b6-57735d13eef8"}],"header":"Formation of the Earth"},{"position":{"x":16.054313403729815,"y":86.8138872225555},"alwaysFullscreen":true,"content":[{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-65eb8b10e5041.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":865,"height":550,"originalImage":{"path":"images\/file-65eb8aa389d3b.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","height":2042,"width":2936}},"alt":"Ocean-ocean subduction figure."},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"04696ef0-6709-4b60-97e0-2be41801382b"},{"params":{"text":"

When oceanic plate subducts under oceanic plate, a more buoyant, thicker crust is formed. Eventually, this builds up into \"continental crust\".<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"3483f924-a8cc-4091-97b0-af99b11a7d1b"}],"header":"The first continental crust"},{"position":{"x":24.041533851014158,"y":68.04508238977205},"alwaysFullscreen":false,"content":[{"params":{"text":"

This is the pumping of oxygen into the oceans and atmosphere by photosynthetic organisms.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"12906351-7f92-41d3-bb7e-5091a10e33cf"}],"header":"Great Oxygenation Event"},{"position":{"x":26.038338962835244,"y":46.633202656343734},"alwaysFullscreen":false,"content":[{"params":{"text":"

The Cambrian Explosion is the evolution of a wide variety of multicellular life forms with hard body parts. This is important because these types of animals become well-represented in the fossil record (see Phanerozoic).<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"7d9e0d56-1eb6-43cd-81b3-89900c5429d2"}],"header":"Cambrian Explosion"},{"position":{"x":42.81150190213237,"y":44.35729065124475},"alwaysFullscreen":false,"header":"Phanerozoic = visible life","content":[{"params":{"text":"

Phanerozoic means \"visible life\" referring to the existance of a robust fossil record. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"61846b25-af99-4434-81f3-6cd66fa74c25"}]},{"position":{"x":42.41214087976815,"y":58.038392321535696},"alwaysFullscreen":false,"content":[{"params":{"text":"

Though life was present during the Proterozoic, it was generally single celled, or multicellular with soft body parts that do not fossilize well. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"8fb297c6-1e22-44a5-9e07-5d79c83aeb12"}],"header":"Proterozoic = early life"},{"position":{"x":73.5623006241771,"y":55.042800033743255},"alwaysFullscreen":true,"content":[{"params":{"text":"

During the Grenville Orogeny, rocks underneath the enormous \"Grenville Mountains\" were metamorphosed into gneiss. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"55b01885-bf5c-40e4-9faa-fd6a4ac02324"},{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-65eb8e53e48c8.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":649,"height":559,"originalImage":{"path":"images\/file-65eb8e3eb85c8.jpg#tmp","mime":"image\/jpeg","height":3024,"width":4032}},"alt":"Photo of a metamorphic rock","title":"Photo of a metamorphic rock (gneiss)"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"0c3c2e66-22c1-4718-a582-6171155d8ea7"},{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-65eb950f013c2.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":2082,"height":1426},"alt":"Distribution of rocks related to the Grenville Orogeny in purple","title":"Distribution of rocks related to the Grenville Orogeny in purple"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"70a45d0e-d79d-4fef-af6a-c702c27650be"}],"header":"Grenville Orogeny"},{"position":{"x":69.56869040053493,"y":44.196043603779245},"alwaysFullscreen":true,"content":[{"params":{"text":"

During the Paleozoic, Georgian Bay was underwater. Shallow seaways teaming with life covered the region, leaving behind layers of fossiliferous sedimentary rocks. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"12e62fdd-5935-4e57-bcc2-a3327693bedb"},{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-65eb8ed98bd7b.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":4032,"height":3024},"alt":"Photo of crinoid fossils","title":"Photo of crinoid fossils"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"a188f39a-7e0d-4254-8859-cab23aa486ce"},{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-65eb95348714c.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":2082,"height":1426},"alt":"Distribution of rocks related to Paleozoic seaways in blue","title":"Distribution of rocks related to Paleozoic seaways in blue"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"8dfc2ccc-ca56-4cda-8c41-189a556a0c7a"}],"header":"Shallow tropical seas"},{"position":{"x":34.82428145484802,"y":32.44976004799041},"alwaysFullscreen":false,"content":[{"params":{"text":"

There have been five major mass extinctions in Earth's History, each with their own suite of causes and effects, including things like climate change, sea level change, global tectonics, eruption of large amounts of magma (Large Igneous Provinces), meteorite impacts, or evolutionary disturbances. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"93905535-a559-4002-80bf-c2f328ae517b"}],"header":"Mass Extinction"},{"position":{"x":24.440894873378376,"y":10.07786723905219},"alwaysFullscreen":false,"content":[{"params":{"text":"

The \"K-T\" mass extinction, which killed off dinosaurs and many other groups of life, was caused by a meteorite that struck off the coast of Mexico, at the Chicxulub crator. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"bf0f14e0-1e73-40ea-9cee-14f69ab3bf2d"}],"header":"The Chicxulub Impact"},{"position":{"x":77.95527187018348,"y":76.6680648245351},"alwaysFullscreen":true,"content":[{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-65eb90feefb15.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":2082,"height":1426},"alt":"Superior Craton in Georgian Bay Geopark Map","title":"Superior Craton in Georgian Bay Geopark Map"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"0a8f5a7d-5208-438a-8a14-ed0b86f103e1"},{"params":{"text":"

The oldest rocks in the Georgian Bay Geopark are over 2.5 billion years old and are entirely found north of North Channel. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"858d262b-2bfe-44db-92b0-fcc8019f7bab"}],"header":"The Superior Craton can be found in the northernmost parts of the the Georgian Bay Geopark."},{"position":{"x":87.93929742928893,"y":67.49763328584284},"alwaysFullscreen":true,"content":[{"params":{"text":"

The Huronian Supergroup is a thick sequence of 2.2-2.3 billion year old sedimentary rock layers that were formed off of the coast of the Superior craton as it broke out of Kenorland. They were later deformed into folds and thrusts during the Penokean Orogeny. The map below shows the modern distribution of these rocks. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"77421309-277d-48c7-ad3b-fa0cae4875ff"},{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-65eb93590d347.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":2082,"height":1426},"alt":"Map with the Huronian Supergroup and related rocks highlighted","title":"Map with the Huronian Supergroup and related rocks highlighted"},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"a1e4bb2a-60a5-40f3-aca7-aff01b76c7b0"}],"header":"The Huronian Supergroup."},{"position":{"x":78.3546328925477,"y":2.478020020995801},"alwaysFullscreen":true,"content":[{"params":{"text":"

Glaciers scraped sediment off of the Canadian Shield, but deposited sediment on top of relatively flat and low-lying Paleozoic sedimentary layers. Therefore, the distribution of sediment is not uniform, but preferentially covers southern Georgian Bay. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"d49d3ca9-7d0e-484a-a846-349d616d9dd9"},{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-65eb933bc08da.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":2205,"height":1525},"alt":"Map showing the distribution of glacial sediments.","title":"Map showing the distribution of glacial sediments."},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"aacd6b0f-fe1b-4ce2-a2b3-0d300269aee4"}],"header":"Glacial sediments drape older rocks"},{"position":{"x":95.52715685420905,"y":51.31610396670666},"alwaysFullscreen":false,"content":[{"params":{"text":"

Following the Grenville Orogeny, about 1 billion years ago, the mountains were subjected to a lengthy period of erosion. Because of this, no rocks are preserved from this period. We call this the \"Great Unconformity\" because it is a missing page of geologic time in this region. Precambrian \"Canadian Shield\" rocks are covered by Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, with a break in between. <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.Text 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"d9920971-d379-4546-962b-7c8c63e76369"}],"header":"The Great Unconformity"}],"hotspotNumberLabel":"Hotspot #num","closeButtonLabel":"Close","disableScaling":false,"image":{"path":"images\/image-65eb8446315d7.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":2142,"height":2812},"backgroundImageAltText":"Simplified geologic time scale with highlights of Earth's History and Georgian Bay History"}

Earth History on a Geologic Time Scale with comparison to Georgian Bay

Kirsten Kennedy