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Describe Hadley cells and their function in the three-cell model.<\/p>\n","answer":"

The largest cell found at the equator<\/p>\n\n

Warmer, less dense air expands (rises) to ~18km (top of tropopause)<\/p>\n\n

Air then moves towards poles while gradually cooling<\/p>\n\n

Air sinks as it contracts (sinks) moves along and descends to surface and moves back to the equator<\/p>\n"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Describe areas of low and high pressure<\/p>\n","answer":"

LOW P<\/p>\n\n

Where air is rising<\/p>\n\n

Experience more rainfall (cause of rainforests along equator and UK\u2019s wet climate)<\/p>\n\n

HIGH P<\/p>\n\n

Where air is descending<\/p>\n\n

Experience more clear skies and less rainfall (cause of desert regions, including polar deserts)<\/p>\n"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Describe the process of the conservation of angular momentum and how it applies to wind speed.<\/p>\n","answer":"

Air moving away from the equator at the top of Hadley cells is moving to the poles<\/p>\n\n

As the air moves towards the poles (Earth\u2019s axis of rotation) the air speeds up and the magnitude of the Coriolis force increases<\/p>\n"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Explain a pressure gradient force and how it relates to air movement.<\/p>\n","answer":"

Caused by a difference\/ gradient in air pressure<\/p>\n\n

Cold air is denser and air pressure decreases more quickly with height than in less dense, warm air<\/p>\n\n

Air then moves from high to low pressure (air flows from south to north)<\/p>\n"},{"tips":{},"text":"

What would cause the prevailing jet stream pattern\/path to change?<\/p>\n","answer":"

When warm air moves more north than usual or\u2026<\/p>\n\n

When cold air moves more south than usual<\/p>\n"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Describe thermohaline circulation (what controls it and what it does).<\/p>\n","answer":"

Changes in the density of seawater (temperature and salinity)<\/p>\n\n

Water moving towards the poles becomes colder and more saline and is denser, so it sinks<\/p>\n\n

Warmer, less dense water moves to the surface<\/p>\n\n

Forms the global conveyor belt current<\/p>\n"},{"tips":{},"text":"

How do deep ocean currents relate to the biological productivity of the ocean?<\/p>\n","answer":"

Mixing and upwelling of ocean waters transport nutrients from the nutrient-rich waters at the bottom of the ocean to the surface<\/p>\n\n

These nutrients are then used by organisms and become part of the food chain<\/p>\n"},{"tips":{},"text":"

What causes El Nino and La Nina and what do they result in?<\/p>\n","answer":"

When the trade winds slow warm waters from the west Pacific flow back towards South America (El Nino) and if trade winds intensify warm waters are pushed westward (La Nina), which results in upwelling of cold waters off the coast of South America<\/p>\n\n

These two climate modes result in changes in humidity and air temperature swings which changes weather patterns globally (which leads to social and economic impacts)<\/p>\n"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Explain the differences in density that arise due to temperature and salinity.<\/p>\n","answer":"

Warm water is less dense and rises, cold water is denser and sinks<\/p>\n\n

More saline water is denser than less saline water<\/p>\n"},{"tips":{},"text":"

What would cause the Gulf Stream to come to a halt?<\/p>\n","answer":"

A warming climate<\/p>\n\n

As polar ice melts, salinity and density decrease in the water near Greenland which could slow down the conveyor belt (later we learn that this has happened before when the last glacial period ended)<\/p>\n"}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"disableBackwardsNavigation":false,"scaleTextNotCard":false,"randomCards":false,"maxProficiency":5,"quickProgression":false},"answer":"Turn","next":"Next","prev":"Previous","retry":"Retry","correctAnswer":"I got it right!","incorrectAnswer":"I got it wrong","round":"Round @round","cardsLeft":"Cards left: @number","nextRound":"Proceed to round @round","startOver":"Start over","showSummary":"Next","summary":"Summary","summaryCardsRight":"Cards you got right:","summaryCardsWrong":"Cards you got wrong:","summaryCardsNotShown":"Cards in pool not shown:","summaryOverallScore":"Overall Score","summaryCardsCompleted":"Cards you have completed learning:","summaryCompletedRounds":"Completed rounds:","summaryAllDone":"Well done! You got all @cards cards correct @max times in a row!","progressText":"Card @card of @total","cardFrontLabel":"Card front","cardBackLabel":"Card back","tipButtonLabel":"Show tip","audioNotSupported":"Your browser does not support this audio","confirmStartingOver":{"header":"Start over?","body":"All progress will be lost. Are you sure you want to start over?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Start over"},"title":""}