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Four Models of Reflective Practice<\/h2>\n\n
\n\t
ERA Cycle <\/li>\n\t
3 What's <\/li>\n\t
Experimental Learning Cycle<\/li>\n\t
Gibb's Reflective Cycle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
The information collected in this presentation is licenced under a CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence by Cambridge University Libraries: https:\/\/libguides.cam.ac.uk\/reflectivepracticetoolkit\/models <\/em><\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"4ac6c93d-b815-474c-8df5-bce087475414","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":7.625272331154684,"y":12.903225806451612,"width":83.87799564270152,"height":77.41935483870967,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
The ERA cycle (Jasper, 2013) is one of the most simple models of reflection and contains only three stages:<\/p>\n\n
\n\t
Experience<\/li>\n\t
Reflection<\/li>\n\t
Action<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
The cycle shows that we will start with an experience, either something we have been through before or something completely new to us. This experience can be positive or negative and may be related to our work or something else. Once something has been experienced we will start to reflect on what happened. This will allow us to think through the experience, examine our feelings about what happened and decide on the next steps. This leads to the final element of the cycle - taking an action. What we do as a result of an experience will be different depending on the individual. This action will result in another experience and the cycle will continue.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"b1b0d3e2-1db8-4ac5-ae3a-faad6340ba18","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":11.982570806100219,"y":8.602150537634408,"width":75.2723311546841,"height":83.87096774193547,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","alt":"Experience, Reflection, Action (repeat)","title":"Experience, Reflection, Action (repeat)","file":{"path":"images\/file-671bdfbbcb001.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1920,"height":1080}},"subContentId":"f60746fc-cc0a-4ec1-9f63-1c60ffeba10a","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":6.5359477124183005,"y":12.903225806451612,"width":83.87799564270152,"height":79.56989247311827,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Another simple model was developed by Driscoll in the mid-1990s. Driscoll based his model of the 3 What's on the key questions asked by Terry Borton in the 1970s:<\/p>\n\n
\n\t
What?<\/li>\n\t
So what?<\/li>\n\t
Now what?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
By asking ourselves these three simple questions we can begin to analyse and learn from our experiences. Firstly we should describe what the situation or experience was to set it in context. This gives us a clear idea of what we are dealing with. We should then reflect on the experience by asking 'so what?' - what did we learn as a result of the experience? The final stage asks us to think about the action we will take as a result of this reflection. Will we change a behavior, try something new or carry on as we are? It is important to remember that there may be no changes as the result of reflection and that we feel that we are doing everything as we should. This is equally valid as an outcome and you should not worry if you can't think of something to change.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"a6353a8a-996d-49f9-a79f-7015195fd7c5","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":13.071895424836601,"y":10.75268817204301,"width":73.42047930283225,"height":81.72043010752688,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","alt":"What, So What, Now What (repeat)","title":"What, So What, Now What (repeat)","file":{"path":"images\/file-671be039d8da7.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1920,"height":1080}},"subContentId":"fbaca3fa-253a-4468-8cb3-c5cd8ad9747b","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":4.357298474945534,"y":6.451612903225806,"width":89.32461873638344,"height":90.10752688172042,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle model (1984) takes things a step further. Based on theories about how people learn, this model centres on the concept of developing understanding through actual experiences and contains four key stages:<\/p>\n\n
\n\t
Concrete experience<\/li>\n\t
Reflective observation<\/li>\n\t
Abstract conceptualization<\/li>\n\t
Active experimentation <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
The model argues that we start with an experience - either a repeat of something that has happened before or something completely new to us. The next stage involves us reflecting on the experience and noting anything about it which we haven't come across before. We then start to develop new ideas as a result, for example when something unexpected has happened we try to work out why this might be. The final stage involves us applying our new ideas to different situations. This demonstrates learning as a direct result of our experiences and reflections. This model is similar to one used by small children when learning basic concepts such as hot and cold. They may touch something hot, be burned and be more cautious about touching something which could potentially hurt them in the future.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"9a62d39c-94d8-4f0a-b615-131203a1bc6d","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":17.429193899782135,"y":4.301075268817204,"width":61.00217864923747,"height":91.39784946236558,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","alt":"Concrete experience, Reflective observation, Abstract conceptualization, Active experimentation (repeat)","title":"Concrete experience, Reflective observation, Abstract conceptualization, Active experimentation (repeat)","file":{"path":"images\/file-671be0a2d1214.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":736,"height":559,"originalImage":{"path":"images\/file-671be092eed60.png#tmp","mime":"image\/png","height":1080,"width":1920}}},"subContentId":"25c91543-614d-49ec-8597-6413547f8b62","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":2.178649237472767,"y":2.1478494623655915,"width":95.86056644880175,"height":96.77419354838709,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Gibb's Reflective Cycle builds on other models,and adds more stages. It is one of the more complex reflective models, but it may be that you find having multiple stages of the process to guide you reassuring. Gibb's contains six stages:<\/p>\n\n
\n\t
Description<\/li>\n\t
Feelings<\/li>\n\t
Evaluation<\/li>\n\t
Analysis<\/li>\n\t
Conclusion<\/li>\n\t
Action plan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
As with other models, Gibb's begins with an outline of the experience being reflected on. It then encourages us to focus on our feelings about the experience, both during and after. The next step involves evaluating the experience - what was good or bad about it from our point of view? We can then use this evaluation to analyse the situation and try to make sense of it. This analysis will result in a conclusion about what other actions (if any) we could have taken to reach a different outcome. The final stage involves building an action plan of steps which we can take the next time we find ourselves in a similar situation.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"f31ad817-9dc6-4c6e-85b9-abd3050b5370","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":23.965141612200437,"y":0,"width":50.10893246187364,"height":98.9247311827957,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","expandImage":"Expand Image","minimizeImage":"Minimize Image","alt":"Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion, Action plan (repeat)","title":"Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion, Action plan (repeat)","file":{"path":"images\/file-671be14121ab9.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":1080,"height":1080}},"subContentId":"2a0483a1-d32d-47f0-9030-584d1e5da55f","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":10.891884531590414,"y":17.182795698924732,"width":77.34204793028323,"height":73.11827956989247,"action":{"library":"H5P.DragText 1.10","params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"taskDescription":"Drag the words into the correct boxes","overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"checkAnswer":"Check","submitAnswer":"Submit","tryAgain":"Retry","showSolution":"Show solution","dropZoneIndex":"Drop Zone @index.","empty":"Drop Zone @index is empty.","contains":"Drop Zone @index contains draggable @draggable.","ariaDraggableIndex":"@index of @count draggables.","tipLabel":"Show tip","correctText":"Correct!","incorrectText":"Incorrect!","resetDropTitle":"Reset drop","resetDropDescription":"Are you sure you want to reset this drop zone?","grabbed":"Draggable is grabbed.","cancelledDragging":"Cancelled dragging.","correctAnswer":"Correct answer:","feedbackHeader":"Feedback","behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"instantFeedback":false},"scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. 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Fill in the missing words<\/p>\n","overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"showSolutions":"Show solution","tryAgain":"Retry","checkAnswer":"Check","submitAnswer":"Submit","notFilledOut":"Please fill in all blanks to view solution","answerIsCorrect":"':ans' is correct","answerIsWrong":"':ans' is wrong","answeredCorrectly":"Answered correctly","answeredIncorrectly":"Answered incorrectly","solutionLabel":"Correct answer:","inputLabel":"Blank input @num of @total","inputHasTipLabel":"Tip available","tipLabel":"Tip","behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"autoCheck":false,"caseSensitive":true,"showSolutionsRequiresInput":true,"separateLines":false,"confirmCheckDialog":false,"confirmRetryDialog":false,"acceptSpellingErrors":false},"scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. The responses will be marked as correct, incorrect, or unanswered.","a11yShowSolution":"Show the solution. The task will be marked with its correct solution.","a11yRetry":"Retry the task. Reset all responses and start the task over again.","a11yCheckingModeHeader":"Checking mode","confirmCheck":{"header":"Finish ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to finish ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Finish"},"confirmRetry":{"header":"Retry ?","body":"Are you sure you wish to retry ?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Confirm"},"questions":["
Kolb's Experiential Learning Cycle model (1984) takes things a step further. Based on theories about how people learn, this model centres on the concept of developing understanding through actual experiences and contains four key stages. Starting from the top centre of the model and moving clockwise, the four stages of the model are: <\/p>\n\n
Concrete experience
\nReflective observation
\nAbstract conceptualization
\nActive experimentation <\/p>\n\n
note that this activity is spelling-sensitive<\/em>. <\/p>\n"]},"subContentId":"50759ad0-214f-4468-8965-134ebec87e44","metadata":{"contentType":"Fill in the Blanks","license":"U","title":"Experiential Learning Fill in the Blanks"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":2.178649237472767,"y":6.451612903225806,"width":95.86056644880175,"height":90.32258064516128,"action":{"library":"H5P.DragText 1.10","params":{"media":{"disableImageZooming":false},"taskDescription":"Drag the words into the correct boxes","overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":100}],"checkAnswer":"Check","submitAnswer":"Submit","tryAgain":"Retry","showSolution":"Show solution","dropZoneIndex":"Drop Zone @index.","empty":"Drop Zone @index is empty.","contains":"Drop Zone @index contains draggable @draggable.","ariaDraggableIndex":"@index of @count draggables.","tipLabel":"Show tip","correctText":"Correct!","incorrectText":"Incorrect!","resetDropTitle":"Reset drop","resetDropDescription":"Are you sure you want to reset this drop zone?","grabbed":"Draggable is grabbed.","cancelledDragging":"Cancelled dragging.","correctAnswer":"Correct answer:","feedbackHeader":"Feedback","behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"enableSolutionsButton":true,"enableCheckButton":true,"instantFeedback":false},"scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","a11yCheck":"Check the answers. 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Four Models of Reflective Practice

Hannah Atkinson