{"presentation":{"slides":[{"elements":[{"x":32.6797385620915,"y":4.301075268817204,"width":64.81481481481482,"height":34.40860215053763,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

<\/p>\n\n

Summarizing<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"868f7ae8-10c2-4eaf-8a2c-eb03e88602fd","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{"imageSlideBackground":{"path":"images\/imageSlideBackground-5f43f82973673.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":4000,"height":2649}}},{"slideBackgroundSelector":{},"elements":[{"x":2.382897603485839,"y":4.6875053763440855,"width":83.87799564270152,"height":92.47311827956989,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

What is a summary?<\/h2>\n\n
A summary is a shorter version<\/strong> of a longer text (whether an article, video, documentary, novel, chapter in a textbook, website, or other type of text). <\/p>\n\n
We use them in school<\/strong><\/span> for several reasons:<\/p>\n\n
\n\t
they're a great study tool<\/li>\n\t
they show how you've understood a text<\/li>\n\t
they often begin reports and essays that are responding to a particular topic or text<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
They're also used in industry<\/strong><\/span>:<\/p>\n\n
\n\t
to convey complex information to a team of people who don't have time to read the original text<\/li>\n\t
to catch up members of a team who couldn't make a meeting<\/li>\n\t
to market your ideas to potential distributors, producers, festivals, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n"},"subContentId":"91455c93-b7bf-417d-a0be-dd9c2b402bfc","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}]},{"elements":[{"x":2.178649237472767,"y":4.297720430107527,"width":67.86492374727669,"height":65.59139784946235,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
The good news . . . <\/h2>\n\n
Because of our deep dive into critical reading and paraphrasing in the last two lessons, you already know most of what you need to know in order to summarize well.<\/p>\n\n
What we'll add to our toolbox this week is a discussion of how to apply those skills in critical reading and paraphrasing to a summarizing task.<\/p>\n\n
We'll also cover the steps<\/strong> you need to follow in completing the summary report (the major assessment for this module), and the style<\/strong> or the way summaries should sound. We'll finish by learning how to write a summing up statement<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n
<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"3225bb78-ee71-4f0f-880c-fab49dd67425","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.1918951132300357,"y":2.3419129411764708,"width":90.58402860548271,"height":97.6470588235294,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
How do we summarize?<\/h2>\n\n
Summarizing involves all of the skills we've learned so far in this module. <\/p>\n\n
Step 1<\/span><\/strong> is critically reading<\/strong> the text (no matter whether that's audio\/video\/print or other). <\/p>\n\n
\n\t
Use your knowledge of the patterns of organization and components of argument <\/strong>to help you to engage on a deeper level and discover the main ideas and most important examples.<\/li>\n\t
Look up all unfamiliar idioms, phrases, words, allusions so no part of the text is confusing. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
Step 2<\/span><\/strong> is writing a summing up<\/strong> statement.<\/p>\n\n
\n\t
Sum up the topic, purpose, and main idea of the text in one sentence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
Step 3<\/span><\/strong> is working your way through the text, choosing the most important ideas and examples, and then paraphrasing<\/strong> them (putting them into your own words). <\/p>\n\n
\n\t
Use your knowledge of paraphrasing to make sure you are using appropriate reporting verbs<\/strong> and paraphrasing ethically.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n"},"subContentId":"8fea7a05-6cfb-42bd-a81e-96c77ae5dcea","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":2.1438172043010755,"width":88.23529411764706,"height":96.77419354838709,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
What do summaries sound like?<\/h2>\n\n
Summaries<\/p>\n\n
\n\t
are written in the 3rd person, present tense<\/li>\n\t
use a neutral tone<\/li>\n\t
include long (often repetitive) sentences<\/li>\n\t
begin with a summing up statement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
<\/p>\n\n
Let's look at each of these aspects of summary writing in turn.<\/p>\n\n
<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"2fdc00ce-ae5a-4b1e-9710-52cfbd0de7e1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.0893246187363834,"y":2.1404580645161286,"width":88.23529411764706,"height":94.62365591397848,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
The literary present<\/h2>\n\n
We learned to write our film stories using 3rd person, present tense<\/strong><\/span>. <\/p>\n\n
Summaries use a similar style. We're reporting on what a text says. That is an unchanging state. The text says that today, and will still say that if someone reads it 50 years from now.<\/p>\n\n
Therefore, you'll note that when we talk about reporting verbs, we always talk about them in the present tense. \"The author compares<\/strong>\", not \"the author compared<\/strong>\". When we use the past tense, it suggests that the text may have changed. Published texts don't change. The version you're summarizing says what it says. <\/p>\n\n
Please note that not all styles of summary use the present tense. We're using MLA style (Modern Language Association) because it's common in your industry. You may have learned to write summaries using APA (American Psychological Association) style in high school, and that style uses the past tense (which doesn't make sense to me at all). <\/p>\n\n
Writing in the 3rd person<\/strong> just makes sense in a summary. After all, you are supposed to leave your opinions aside while summarizing, so there's definitely no \"I\" in a summary. In addition, we avoid \"you\" to keep the reader's opinion out of it as well. <\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"a981aaa7-b313-4f05-80be-91488dccb0c1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":2.178649237472767,"y":4.29436559139785,"width":80.61002178649238,"height":92.47311827956989,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Neutral tone <\/h2>\n\n
Summaries (whether in paragraph or report format) are a form of writing where you are largely invisible.  <\/p>\n\n
They do not include your evaluation<\/strong> of the text.  <\/p>\n\n
I shouldn't know by the time I'm done reading your summary report whether you agree or disagree with the article.<\/p>\n\n
Phrases like \"The author brilliantly<\/strong><\/span> argues\" or \"The article ridiculously<\/strong><\/span> asserts\" should never appear in a summary. <\/p>\n\n
This is also why they use a neutral <\/strong>tone. <\/p>\n\n
If you're searching for a synonym for a term, always reach for an option that is more neutral than the original, rather than \"dialing up\" the emotional charge (connotation) of the word.<\/p>\n\n
If the text says that a basic income would be a good<\/strong> <\/strong><\/span>solution for Toronto, we can't paraphrase that to say that a basic income would be the only<\/span><\/strong> solution. <\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"bb9f15a7-0131-4756-82c4-6880684aec7e","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":2.178649237472767,"y":4.301075268817204,"width":81.69934640522877,"height":90.32258064516128,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
Long, repetitive sentences<\/h2>\n\n
Your job in a summary is to paraphrase the content ethically, remembering to make the content easily understood by a general audience who hasn't read the text themselves.<\/p>\n\n
As we learned in paraphrasing, this can mean that it takes longer to explain a concept in your summary than the author spent in the original text. Remember, the original author has \"stolen\" the best terms for the concepts, so you have to show that you've understood them by explaining them. <\/p>\n\n
You also need to include a phrase like \"The author compares\" or \"The author concedes that\" in each paraphrase.<\/p>\n\n
Because a summary has to acknowledge the author and include specific reporting verbs every sentence<\/strong>, each sentence tends to be longer than in other types of writing. <\/p>\n\n
This need to acknowledge the author every sentence can also make them feel repetitive. <\/p>\n\n
Don't worry too much about it -- it's just the way summaries work.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"701d9e7b-1940-4cab-8781-eb8177a8e6e3","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":3.2679738562091507,"y":4.290989247311828,"width":81.69934640522877,"height":88.17204301075269,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
The summing up statement<\/h2>\n\n
Summaries (whether they're presented in a more traditional paragraph style or in the report style we're using) begin with a sentence that has a lot of work to do. <\/p>\n\n
Your job here is to get the main idea or gist<\/strong> of the entire text across, as completely as possible, in one sentence.<\/p>\n\n
The tricky part about this is that the author may or may not have stated the main idea or thesis directly. Sometimes, the thesis or main claim is implied, meaning that the text hints at it very strongly, but doesn't come right out and say it. <\/p>\n\n
You, however, have to state the thesis, main idea, or main claim as directly as you can.<\/p>\n\n
In addition, you need to provide some context<\/strong> for the summary by providing the author's full name, the title of the text you're summarizing, the source of the text and the date of publication (where available). <\/p>\n\n
<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"212a1ea3-2df2-4cde-990e-b6c57dfae1de","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.1914488017429194,"y":2.328623655913978,"width":83.44226579520698,"height":96.77419354838709,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
The formula<\/h2>\n\n
Luckily, there's a formula we can use to create a summing up statement.  <\/p>\n\n
In \"title of article<\/span>\"<\/strong> (<\/span>title of source<\/em>, date, page number<\/strong>)<\/span>, \"author's name<\/strong><\/span>\" + purpose<\/strong><\/span> (overall pattern, ex.: explains\/argues\/narrates\/categorizes\/compares) + main idea<\/strong><\/span> (topic plus what the author wants to say about the topic) + for x audience<\/span><\/strong> (only use if necessary). <\/p>\n\n
Example<\/h3>\n\n
In \u201cMind Over Mass Media<\/strong><\/span>\u201d (The New York Times<\/em>, June 10, 2010<\/strong><\/span>), Pinker<\/strong><\/span> argues<\/strong><\/span> that although new media are often criticized for negatively influencing our culture, the Internet and social media are tools that can help us to develop our intellect<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n
Note there is no page # because this was an article sourced from the Internet, and that I don\u2019t mention the audience, since the article was written for a general audience.<\/p>\n\n
<\/p>\n\n
This formula is on your assignment sheet to make it easy to follow while you're completing your summary report this week.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"0fb91145-61c0-4ee3-86a8-bf25c7d455e0","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":2.178649237472767,"y":2.1404580645161286,"width":83.87799564270152,"height":92.47311827956989,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"
The summary report<\/h2>\n\n
Most summaries are presented as a paragraph. We're going to format ours as a report.<\/p>\n\n
The report style we're using has a few benefits:<\/p>\n\n
\n\t
it rewards you for going through the preliminary steps of previewing<\/strong> and analyzing the text<\/li>\n\t
it encourages you to be precise in choosing your reporting verbs<\/strong> (a key skill that pays off in the rubric)<\/li>\n\t
it allows you to focus<\/strong> specifically on one aspect of the text at a time (helpful when working while distracted, online and duuring a busy semester)<\/li>\n\t
it allows me to give you much more specific feedback<\/strong> on individual paraphrases rather than more general comments about the whole summary<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
I don't expect anyone to be familiar with the specific report format we're using, so please do check out the sample I've provided, and feel free to use either the fillable PDF form or the Word document provided to help you with the formatting.<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"43765476-1e93-4536-8a87-6256da220e0d","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":2.178649237472767,"y":4.290989247311828,"width":92.5925925925926,"height":65.59139784946235,"action":{"library":"H5P.Summary 1.10","params":{"intro":"
Choose the correct statement. At the end, you'll have a summary of the lesson. You may have to scroll down using the blue bar on the right to see all of the statements. <\/p>\n","summaries":[{"subContentId":"b8eab87c-bdae-42df-8ff5-1fc0afaea6a3","summary":["
Summaries are used in academic settings, but are also found in industry.<\/p>\n","
Summaries are only used in academic environments to torture students into reading texts they don't want to.<\/p>\n"],"tip":""},{"subContentId":"c3d510c4-4227-4643-ac7b-0c458e0405f4","summary":["
The main difference between paraphrasing and summarizing is that paraphrases incorporate all ideas in a passage, where summaries require the reader to first choose what ideas are important enough to paraphrase and then paraphrase them. <\/p>\n","
The main difference between paraphrasing and summarizing is that paraphrases are shorter than summaries.<\/p>\n"],"tip":""},{"subContentId":"b278098c-e0e6-4ac7-8550-747330793e1a","summary":["
In MLA style, summaries are written in the 3rd person and use the present tense, as in this example: \"Pinker argues that new technology helps us to organize complex information.\"<\/p>\n","
When writing a summary, the writer should use whatever verb tenses appear in the original text and should use whatever pronouns the original text uses. <\/p>\n"],"tip":""},{"subContentId":"ccc5c2cc-10e0-4f0a-b1d1-69e080ffff9b","summary":["
Summaries should not betray the feelings of the person summarizing the information. They should aim for neutrality.<\/p>\n","
Summaries should let the reader know whether you agree or disagree with the text you are summarizing. <\/p>\n"],"tip":""},{"subContentId":"fb8c0e2e-c2ba-41ce-8661-93062ac9af57","summary":["
Summaries begin by summing up the main idea, thesis, or main claim of the text, even if the author has only implied their main idea (hinted at it without stating it directly). This is true even if the main idea shows up in the conclusion of the original text. <\/p>\n","
Summaries begin by paraphrasing the opening sentences or paragraphs, regardless of whether that section contains the overall main idea of the text.<\/p>\n"],"tip":""}],"overallFeedback":[{"from":0,"to":60,"feedback":"Consider reviewing the lesson before attempting the summary report assignment. Let me know if you have questions!"},{"from":61,"to":100,"feedback":"Good work."}],"solvedLabel":"Progress:","scoreLabel":"Wrong answers:","resultLabel":"Your result","labelCorrect":"Correct.","labelIncorrect":"Incorrect! Please try again.","alternativeIncorrectLabel":"Incorrect","labelCorrectAnswers":"Correct answers.","tipButtonLabel":"Show tip","scoreBarLabel":"You got :num out of :total points","progressText":"Progress :num of :total"},"subContentId":"d664bdf1-4cdb-41aa-b6f1-da5788abfc1c","metadata":{"contentType":"Summary","license":"U","title":"summarizing summary"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}}],"keywordListEnabled":true,"globalBackgroundSelector":{"imageGlobalBackground":{"path":"images\/imageGlobalBackground-5f43f8479a37c.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":3934,"height":2332}},"keywordListAlwaysShow":false,"keywordListAutoHide":false,"keywordListOpacity":90},"override":{"activeSurface":false,"hideSummarySlide":false,"summarySlideSolutionButton":true,"summarySlideRetryButton":true,"enablePrintButton":false,"social":{"showFacebookShare":false,"facebookShare":{"url":"@currentpageurl","quote":"I scored @score out of @maxScore on a task at @currentpageurl."},"showTwitterShare":false,"twitterShare":{"statement":"I scored @score out of @maxScore on a task at @currentpageurl.","url":"@currentpageurl","hashtags":"h5p, course"},"showGoogleShare":false,"googleShareUrl":"@currentpageurl"}},"l10n":{"slide":"Slide","score":"Score","yourScore":"Your Score","maxScore":"Max Score","total":"Total","totalScore":"Total Score","showSolutions":"Show solutions","retry":"Retry","exportAnswers":"Export text","hideKeywords":"Hide sidebar navigation menu","showKeywords":"Show sidebar navigation menu","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","exitFullscreen":"Exit fullscreen","prevSlide":"Previous slide","nextSlide":"Next slide","currentSlide":"Current slide","lastSlide":"Last slide","solutionModeTitle":"Exit solution mode","solutionModeText":"Solution Mode","summaryMultipleTaskText":"Multiple tasks","scoreMessage":"You achieved:","shareFacebook":"Share on Facebook","shareTwitter":"Share on Twitter","shareGoogle":"Share on Google+","summary":"Summary","solutionsButtonTitle":"Show comments","printTitle":"Print","printIngress":"How would you like to print this presentation?","printAllSlides":"Print all slides","printCurrentSlide":"Print current slide","noTitle":"No title","accessibilitySlideNavigationExplanation":"Use left and right arrow to change slide in that direction whenever canvas is selected.","accessibilityCanvasLabel":"Presentation canvas. Use left and right arrow to move between slides.","containsNotCompleted":"@slideName contains not completed interaction","containsCompleted":"@slideName contains completed interaction","slideCount":"Slide @index of @total","containsOnlyCorrect":"@slideName only has correct answers","containsIncorrectAnswers":"@slideName has incorrect answers","shareResult":"Share Result","accessibilityTotalScore":"You got @score of @maxScore points in total","accessibilityEnteredFullscreen":"Entered fullscreen","accessibilityExitedFullscreen":"Exited fullscreen","confirmDialogHeader":"Submit your answers","confirmDialogText":"This will submit your results, do you want to continue?","confirmDialogConfirmText":"Submit and see results"}}

Summarizing

Chandra Hodgson