{"showCoverPage":true,"bookCover":{"coverDescription":"

This digital tool explains three different kinds of voting methodologies used across the world. Students will be able to interact with the text and see the benefits and drawbacks of the three main types of voting methods used.<\/p>\n"},"chapters":[{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"visuals":{"fit":true,"controls":true,"poster":{"path":"images\/poster-63e443bd25975.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U","author":"TED-Ed","year":"2021","source":"https:\/\/ed.ted.com\/lessons\/which-voting-system-is-the-best-alex-gendler#digdeeper","title":"Which Voting System is the Best?"},"width":296,"height":162}},"playback":{"autoplay":false,"loop":false},"l10n":{"name":"Video","loading":"Video player loading...","noPlayers":"Found no video players that supports the given video format.","noSources":"Video is missing sources.","aborted":"Media playback has been aborted.","networkFailure":"Network failure.","cannotDecode":"Unable to decode media.","formatNotSupported":"Video format not supported.","mediaEncrypted":"Media encrypted.","unknownError":"Unknown error.","invalidYtId":"Invalid YouTube ID.","unknownYtId":"Unable to find video with the given YouTube ID.","restrictedYt":"The owner of this video does not allow it to be embedded."},"sources":[{"path":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PaxVCsnox_4","mime":"video\/YouTube","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"library":"H5P.Video 1.6","metadata":{"contentType":"Video","license":"U","title":"Which Voting System is the best? (TED-Ed)"},"subContentId":"b1573faf-7a47-4938-aa1f-0feb4c6240a3"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"

Watch this brief video that describes three different types of voting systems. Although this may not be Mars, the voting systems used in the video are used in different countries around the world. What voting system do you think we use in Canada?<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"102b1d7f-10df-497c-922d-9593b6fd745b"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","subContentId":"b17f8bce-f92f-428c-a99f-f0a2d3ce5c2c","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Introduction to Voting Methods"}},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":"

First, let's discuss some basic terms we use when we talk about voting! The concepts we will use in this booklet are based upon ideas and concepts previously discussed in class like democracy and civic engagement.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"616c5c95-1b54-4cc9-befc-870749ce756c"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"

ballot - device used to cast votes in an election, typically in secret<\/p>\n\n

campaign - work in an organized and coordinated way toward a particular goal<\/p>\n\n

nominate - propose or formally enter as a candidate for election<\/p>\n\n

partisan - a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person<\/p>\n\n

proportional representation - the amount of people who vote for a party will see a respective percentages of Parliament represented accordingly<\/p>\n\n

ranked choice - voters rank their preferred candidates, votes are then attributed accordingly to eventually determine a winner<\/p>\n\n

single member plurality (first past the post) - voting system in which whomever receives the most votes wins the election.<\/p>\n\n

strategic voting - a method in which voters do not vote for their preferred candidate, but instead vote for who they believe will be most likely to win the election who most closely aligns with their views<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"8d71470d-8167-4f69-b42c-8f8b73deb4f1"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"

Sources: Oxford Dictionary, Fair Vote Canada, Fair Vote<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"3f5278e3-a238-40e3-a981-5f533a1c5e7e"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","subContentId":"05b5e8e5-a33a-46d9-ba50-76cd0feade4e","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Vocabulary"}},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":"

Single Member Plurality, or First Past the Post (FPTP) systems are the most straightforward types of voting systems. The winner is the candidate with the most votes. This method is the most commonly used due to its simplicity. However, it is not without challenges. Look at the table below:<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"16611ff1-4421-42cc-872d-6de3931c8c28"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":"

\n\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t

Candidate<\/td>\n\t\t\t	Votes<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
A<\/td>\n\t\t\t	4,500<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
B<\/td>\n\t\t\t	3,000<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t
C<\/td>\n\t\t\t	2,500<\/td>\n\t\t<\/tr>\n\t<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n"},"library":"H5P.Table 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Table","license":"U","title":"FPTP Example"},"subContentId":"3c84f60a-99fc-457f-9b78-24ea85ebb9d3"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":" In the scenario above, candidate A would win, since they received the most votes. Yet, they still represent a minority of the population. Although FPTP is the simplest voting method, there are others that create more equitable representations of a population's beliefs.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"40f017c4-576e-4cbb-988d-bd8d973c3229"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","subContentId":"8e8bc8f5-79a1-4aed-8674-784d2ea6e85e","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Single Member Plurality (First Past the Post)"}},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":" Ranked choice voting is a process in which voters rank their preferred candidates. The top candidates are then chosen, and voters whose top choices were not picked have their next choice allocated to the appropriate candidates.<\/p>\n\n Look at this example demonstrating ranked choice voting below:<\/p>\n\n Credit: fairvote.org<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"64679732-5bc2-42c1-bf44-05b8e1059b6f"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-63e93d0d2c1c5.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":799,"height":569},"alt":"Bar graph depicting round one of a ranked choice election. Andy has 40% of the vote. Berta has 30% of the popular vote, and Carla has 20% of the popular vote. Finally, Darius has 10%."},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"53952d82-3417-4262-a4cd-e6787c55b9b5"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-63e93d68c5638.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":803,"height":570},"alt":"Since Darius had the least amount of votes, he is eliminated from the race. The alternative choices are then distributed to the remaining candidates. Andy now has 42% of the popular vote, and Berta has 38%. Carla remains unchanged with 20%."},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"80a0bd58-d338-4b16-bdfc-eff329a372a3"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"decorative":false,"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-63e93dd124f86.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":790,"height":565},"alt":"Finally, Carla is eliminated from the race and the second choice votes are distributed. Andy wins with 60% of the popular vote compared to Berta's 40%."},"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"},"subContentId":"f1fa32bd-3296-4cc4-8caa-29d56508605d"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":" As we can see, ranked choice allows voters to choose their preferred candidates in the order they selected them. This reduces the probability of issues like strategic voting.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"facc714b-8033-4f60-bf89-57bc3e8d2dff"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","subContentId":"7e9b11e3-9555-4ff8-8ff6-bb47c4d74ee6","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Ranked Choice"}},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":" Proportional representation is a voting method that is only applicable in elections for bodies like the House of Commons. PR systems ensure that the same percentage of people that vote for each party are represented accordingly.<\/p>\n\n Check out the example below:<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"e62e177a-7159-4d90-a28c-b239412b81fc"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"graphMode":"pieChart","listOfTypes":[{"value":30,"color":"#3993d3","fontColor":"#fff","text":"Conservative"},{"value":40,"color":"#cc1c1c","fontColor":"#fff","text":"Liberal"},{"value":25,"color":"#ea9316","fontColor":"#fff","text":"NDP"},{"value":5,"color":"#4ddb4e","fontColor":"#fff","text":"Green"}],"figureDefinition":"Chart"},"library":"H5P.Chart 1.2","metadata":{"contentType":"Chart","license":"U","title":"Votes Received"},"subContentId":"fb54075d-2d11-43ec-b01e-42510b6fa642"},"useSeparator":"auto"},{"content":{"params":{"text":" In the pie chart above, the percentage of votes per party would equal the amount of seats each party receives in Parliament. So, for our example, the Liberal government would hold Parliament because it has the highest percentage of votes. The benefit to PR systems is that more parties would be represented, and the likelihood for strategic voting is reduced.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"e80b8fba-9186-4cc7-ae47-d1d31209c3b7"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","subContentId":"73bd41e7-2248-4a8a-b48e-9df091e15fdf","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Proportional Representation (PR)"}},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":" The purpose of this brief activity is to introduce you to some of the many ways in which people vote all across the world. We will take some more time in the future to look at each system in more detail, but please feel free to refer back to this as a helpful study tool or refresher.<\/p>\n\n For your final activity, please log into ChatGPT with your school login information and ask for summaries of each of the voting methods we've reviewed. After you're done, write down one thing you learned about voting methods and one thing you may still have questions about. Your responses will help guide our future lessons through this unit.<\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"d524a8b1-29ac-46b8-9ec4-ee8693d7e185"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","subContentId":"b38850b8-3635-4c0f-a631-2884c6e254d6","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Conclusion"}},{"params":{"content":[{"content":{"params":{"text":" Ranked choice voting. FairVote. (2022, December 20). Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https:\/\/fairvote.org\/our-reforms\/ranked-choice-voting\/ <\/p>\n\n Single Member Plurality. Single member plurality. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2023, from http:\/\/www.sfu.ca\/~aheard\/101\/SMP.html <\/p>\n\n TEDEducation. (2020, June 11). Which voting system is the best? - Alex Gendler. YouTube. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PaxVCsnox_4 <\/p>\n\n The Trustees of Princeton University. (n.d.). Voting research - voting theory. Princeton University. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/~cuff\/voting\/theory.html <\/p>\n\n What is proportional representation. Fair Vote Canada. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https:\/\/www.fairvote.ca\/what-is-proportional-representation\/ <\/p>\n"},"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"},"subContentId":"dc65d012-1cff-4482-ae4a-c4ee7ab2ea0e"},"useSeparator":"auto"}]},"library":"H5P.Column 1.16","subContentId":"5788093e-bfdc-4390-a0b9-ed432cab5ba1","metadata":{"contentType":"Column","license":"U","title":"Sources"}}],"behaviour":{"baseColor":"#1768c4","defaultTableOfContents":true,"progressIndicators":true,"progressAuto":true,"displaySummary":true},"read":"Read","displayTOC":"Display 'Table of contents'","hideTOC":"Hide 'Table of contents'","nextPage":"Next page","previousPage":"Previous page","chapterCompleted":"Page completed!","partCompleted":"@pages of @total completed","incompleteChapter":"Incomplete page","navigateToTop":"Navigate to the top","markAsFinished":"I have finished this page","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","exitFullscreen":"Exit fullscreen","bookProgressSubtext":"@count of @total pages","interactionsProgressSubtext":"@count of @total interactions","submitReport":"Submit Report","restartLabel":"Restart","summaryHeader":"Summary","allInteractions":"All interactions","unansweredInteractions":"Unanswered interactions","scoreText":"@score \/ @maxscore","leftOutOfTotalCompleted":"@left of @max interactions completed","noInteractions":"No interactions","score":"Score","summaryAndSubmit":"Summary & submit","noChapterInteractionBoldText":"You have not interacted with any pages.","noChapterInteractionText":"You have to interact with at least one page before you can see the summary.","yourAnswersAreSubmittedForReview":"Your answers are submitted for review!","bookProgress":"Book progress","interactionsProgress":"Interactions progress","totalScoreLabel":"Total score","a11y":{"progress":"Page @page of @total.","menu":"Toggle navigation menu"}}

Voting Methods Activity Book

Kate Hadwin