{"mode":"normal","description":"

Study the Plant List #8 flash cards (memorize nomenclature and plants, and cultural information)<\/p>\n","dialogs":[{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Rosa glauca <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Redleaf rose <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin <\/strong>- Mountains of central and southern Europe. Introduced 1814. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 2-7. <\/p>\n\n

Size <\/strong>- 5-7\u2019 tall. <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Erect, eventually arching and spreading. Leggy at the base with age. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Fast. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf <\/strong>- Alternate, pinnately compound with 5-7(9) leaflets, toothed, glabrous, coppery-purple in colour. <\/p>\n\n

Flower<\/strong> - Pink, single, borne solitary or in multiples. May- June. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Red to brown, hips, usually smooth. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Prefers rich, organic, moist, well-drained soil. Full sun. <\/p>\n\n

Other<\/strong> - Interesting foliage plant, used in mass plantings. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars <\/strong>- None. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce479f70c048.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"C","source":"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Rosa_glauca#\/media\/File:Rosa_glauca.jpg"},"width":1024,"height":731},"imageAltText":"Redleaf rose's in bloom on branches"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Rosa parkland <\/strong><\/em>series <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin <\/strong>- Garden origin \u2013 bred by Morden Research Station, Canada. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - Down to Zone (2)3 <\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - Variable \u2013 based on cultivar. <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Shrub roses. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Variable. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf <\/strong>- Alternate, pinnately compound. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Repeatedly throughout summer. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Variable. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Full sun. <\/p>\n\n

Other <\/strong>- Flowers on new season\u2019s growth. Disease resistant. Developed from R. arkansana, a native prairie rose species. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars\/Varieties<\/strong> - \u2018Morden Blush\u2019 \u2013 light pink, 50 petals, medium disease resistance. \u2018Morden Fireglow\u2019 \u2013 red, 28 petals, medium disease resistance. \u2018Morden Ruby\u2019 \u2013 ruby, red, 70 petals, medium disease resistance. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce47a4b7f6df.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/1323\/Cuthbert_Grant_Rose","version":"4.0"},"width":471,"height":703},"imageAltText":"Rosa parkland red flowers"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Rosa explorer<\/em> series <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin<\/strong> - Garden origin \u2013 bred by Agriculture Canada<\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - Down to Zone (2)3 <\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - Variable \u2013 based on cultivar. <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Shrub roses and climbing roses. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Variable. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf<\/strong> - Alternate, pinnately compound. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Repeatedly through summer. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit<\/strong> - Variable. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Full sun. <\/p>\n\n

Other <\/strong>- Many have R. rugosa parentage, some from R. kordesii. Flower on new seasons growth. Disease resistant. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - \u2018Alexander MacKenzie\u2019 - red, 10 petals, high disease resistance. \u2018John Cabot\u2019 \u2013 medium red, 30 petals, climber, high disease resistance. \u2018William Baffin\u2019 \u2013 strong climber, 20-petaled, deep pink flowers, strong second flush. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce47a982d319.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/1321\/Champlain_Rose","version":"4.0"},"width":800,"height":532},"imageAltText":"Rosa parkland bright red flowers in bloom"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Sambucus canadensis <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - American elder <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin <\/strong>- Nova Scotia and Manitoba to Florida and Texas. Introduced in 1761. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - (3)4-9 <\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - 5-12\u2019 tall, variable. <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Multi-stemmed shrub, stoloniferous, broad and rounded with spreading and arching branches. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate <\/strong>- Fast. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf<\/strong> - Opposite, compound pinnate with 5-11 (usually 7) leaflets. Slightly puberulous on the veins beneath, lowest pair of leaflets often 2-3 lobed. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Perfect, white, borne in flat topped cymes, profuse. June- July. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit<\/strong> - Purple black, berry-like drupe. August-September. Enjoyed by birds. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Prefers moist soils, but will tolerate drought. pH adaptable, full sun. Suckers profusely. <\/p>\n\n

Other<\/strong> - Needs regular pruning to keep form. Used for wet areas, naturalizing, roadside plantings. Fruit edible, used for jams, jellies, pies. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars <\/strong>- \u2018Aurea\u2019 \u2013 cherry red fruit with golden leaves. Vigorous grower, 8-10\u2019 <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce47ae22d302.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/437\/American_Elder","version":"4.0"},"width":800,"height":532},"imageAltText":"American elder white bundle of flowers on a leafy branch"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Sambucus nigra <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Common elder <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin<\/strong> - Europe, northern Africa, western Asia. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 5-6(7) <\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - 10-20\u2019 tall. <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Large, multi-stemmed shrub\/tree. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Medium to fast. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf <\/strong>- Opposite, compound pinnate with 3-9 leaflets (usually 5), lighter and sparingly hairy on the veins beneath. <\/p>\n\n

Flower<\/strong> - Yellowish-white, with strong fragrance, borne in flat topped cymes. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Lustrous black, berry-like drupe. September. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- More shade tolerant than S. canadensis. <\/p>\n\n

Other<\/strong> - Tolerant of rejuvenation pruning. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - Black LaceTM \u2013 lacey fern-textured, dark purple leaves, pale pink flowers, 6-8\u2019 tall. \u2018Marginata\u2019 \u2013 leaflet margins yellowish white, fading to white, required moisture and partial shade. Laciniata \u2013 up to 8\u2019 tall, finely dissected foliage. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce47b306402f.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/4028\/Black_Lace_Elder"},"width":800,"height":532},"imageAltText":"Common elder flowers with black leaves"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Sambucus racemosa <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - European red elderberry <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin<\/strong> - Europe, western Asia. Cultivated 1596. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 4-7 <\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - 8-12\u2019 tall <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Sprawling habit, suckering. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Medium to fast. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf <\/strong>- Opposite, compound pinnate with 5-7 leaflets, coarsely and regularly serrate, lustrous dark green, glabrous on both surfaces. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Yellowish-white, borne in ovoid to pyramidal panicle. May. Fragrant. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Red or scarlet drupe, more tightly packed fruits than S. pubens. Ripens in late June into July. Showy. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Prefers medium to wet, well-drained soils. pH tolerant, but prefers slightly acidic. Best foliage colour in full sun. <\/p>\n\n

Other <\/strong>- Best cut to the ground each winter.<\/p>\n\n

Cultivars <\/strong>- \u2018Sutherland Gold\u2019 \u2013 golden yellow, finely-cut leaflets <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce47b91e7b73.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","version":"4.0","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/439\/Red-Berried_Elder"},"width":531,"height":800},"imageAltText":"European red elderberry bush with bright red fruit and light green leaves"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Sorbaria sorbifolia <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - False spirea <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin<\/strong> - Northern Asia from Ural to Japan. Cultivated 1759. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 2-7(8) <\/p>\n\n

Size <\/strong>- 5-10\u2019 tall, similar spread. <\/p>\n\n

Form <\/strong>- Erect, coarse, multi-stemmed shrub. Spread via suckers forming colonies. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Fast. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf<\/strong> - Alternate, pinnately compound with 13-25 leaflets, double and sharply serrate, usually glabrous or nearly so beneath. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Perfect, white, borne in large terminal, fleecy panicles. Flower turn brown upon senescing. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Dehiscent follicles. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Prefers moist, well-drained, organic soil. Dwarf in poor soils. Full sun or light shade, pH adaptable. <\/p>\n\n

Other <\/strong>- Flowers on new wood, prune in early spring. Used in shrub borders, mass plantings, bank cover. One of the first plants to leaf out in spring, needs space. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - Few. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce47bd9da975.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/446\/False_Spirea","version":"4.0"},"width":800,"height":532},"imageAltText":"False spirea with white fleecy flowers"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Spiraea x bumalda <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Bumald spirea <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin <\/strong>- Garden origin. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 3-8 <\/p>\n\n

Size <\/strong>- 2-3\u2019 high, 3-5\u2019 wide <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Broad, flat-topped, low shrub, dense mounding habit, refined look. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate <\/strong>- Fast. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf<\/strong> - Alternate, simple, ovate-lanceolate, teeth mostly double, sharp. Pinkish-red-purple when young, darkening to bluish green. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Perfect, white to deep pink, borne in flat-topped corymbs. June into August. Flowers on new growth. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Brown follicle, not ornamental. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Tolerant of most soils, except wet. Prefers full sun and open areas. <\/p>\n\n

Other<\/strong> - Prune in early spring before growth starts, remove faded flowers to encourage second flush. Used as filler or for low mass plantings. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars <\/strong>- \u2018GoldFlame\u2019 \u2013 one of the most popular cultivars, foliage appears to be on fire when leave emerge, russet-orange to bronze-red. Similar fall colour, hold leaves well into fall. 2-3\u2019 tall. Flowers pink. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce47c24ac8fa.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/1413\/Anthony_Waterer_Spirea","version":"2.0"},"width":800,"height":534},"imageAltText":"Bumald spirea with bright pink flowers and brown berry-like fruit"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Spiraea japonica <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Japanese spirea <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin <\/strong>- Japan, Korea, China. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 4-8 <\/p>\n\n

Size <\/strong>- 4-5\u2019 tall (often) <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Rounded, flattened or angled. Variable. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate <\/strong>- Fast. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf <\/strong>- Alternate, simple, ovata to ovate-oblong, lustrous dark green, glaucescent beneath and usually pubescent on the veins. Sharp serrations. <\/p>\n\n

Flower<\/strong> - Rosy pink to carmine, often repeat bloomer. Deadhead to encourage re-bloom. June to July. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Follicle, not significant. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Tolerant of moist soils, prefers well-drained rich loam. Full sun, but will tolerate light shade. <\/p>\n\n

Other<\/strong> - Used as specimen or in mass plantings. Sometimes as low hedge along walkways. Can spread via seed. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - Numerous! \u2018Goldmound\u2019 - low mounded, lavender-pink flower and golden leaves, 2 \u00bd - 3 \u00bd\u2019 high. \u2018Little Princess\u2019 \u2013 yellow foliage with pink flowers, compact habit, 1 \u00bd to 2\u2019 high <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce47c6e2dc09.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/1426\/Goldmound_Spirea","version":"4.0"},"width":532,"height":800},"imageAltText":"Japanese spirea branches with yellow leaves"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Spiraea nipponica <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Nippon spirea<\/strong><\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce47cba7488a.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/456\/Snowmound_Spirea"},"width":531,"height":800},"answer":"

Origin <\/strong>- Island of Shikoku, Japan. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - (3)4-7(8) <\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - 3-5\u2019 high, similar spread. <\/p>\n\n

Form <\/strong>- Rounded, mounding, neat appearance. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate <\/strong>- Medium. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf <\/strong>- Alternate, simple, narrowly oblong-obovate, toothed at the rounded apex, rarely entire, dark blue-green colour. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- White, borne in corymbs in late May lasting into June. Attracts butterflies. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Follicle, not significant. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Prefers, well-drained average soil. Full sun. <\/p>\n\n

Other <\/strong>- Flowers on new wood, prune in late winter or early spring. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - \u2018Halward\u2019s Silver\u2019 \u2013 more compact than species, 30 -36\u201d in 3-5 years\u2019 time. Abundant flowers. <\/p>\n","imageAltText":"Nippon spirea with small white flowers"}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"disableBackwardsNavigation":false,"scaleTextNotCard":false,"randomCards":false,"maxProficiency":5,"quickProgression":false},"answer":"Turn","next":"Next","prev":"Previous","retry":"Retry","correctAnswer":"I got it right!","incorrectAnswer":"I got it wrong","round":"Round @round","cardsLeft":"Cards left: @number","nextRound":"Proceed to round @round","showSummary":"Next","summary":"Summary","summaryCardsRight":"Cards you got right:","summaryCardsWrong":"Cards you got wrong:","summaryCardsNotShown":"Cards in pool not shown:","summaryOverallScore":"Overall Score","summaryCardsCompleted":"Cards you have completed learning:","summaryCompletedRounds":"Completed rounds:","summaryAllDone":"Well done! You got all @cards cards correct @max times in a row!","progressText":"Card @card of @total","cardFrontLabel":"Card front","cardBackLabel":"Card back","tipButtonLabel":"Show tip","audioNotSupported":"Your browser does not support this audio","title":"","startOver":"Start over","confirmStartingOver":{"header":"Start over?","body":"All progress will be lost. Are you sure you want to start over?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Start over"}}

HORTHOR04:M9 - Plant List 8

Brian Gould