{"mode":"normal","description":"

Study the Plant List #3 flash cards (memorize nomenclature and plants, and cultural information)<\/p>\n","dialogs":[{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Corylus avellana <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - European filbert <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin<\/strong> - Europe to western Asia, and northern Africa. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 4-8<\/p>\n\n

Size <\/strong>- 12-20\u2019 in height. <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Dense thicket of erect stems, many shoots from the roots. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Medium. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf<\/strong> - Alternate, simple, abruptly acuminate, cordate, pubescent beneath. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Monoecious; male \u2013 yellowish brown catkins \u2013 March. Female \u2013 inconspicuous, red buds<\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Slightly flattened nut, surrounded by downy involucre that is smaller than that of Corylus Americana, not completely enclosing the nut. <\/p>\n\n

Other <\/strong>- One of the species grown for nut production. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - \u2018Contorta\u2019 \u2013 stems curled and twisted, very unique and attractive. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce4533aa855b.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"C","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/110\/European_Hazelnut"},"width":465,"height":706},"imageAltText":"European filbert with a dense thicket of erect stems and many shoots from the roots"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Corylus cornuta <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Beaked filbert <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin <\/strong>- Quebec to Saskatchewan south to Missouri and Georgia. Introduced 1975. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 4-8<\/p>\n\n

Size <\/strong>- 4-8\u2019 high and wide<\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - More refined than other Corylus. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Medium. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf <\/strong>- Pubescent, elliptic to ovate, doubly toothed. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Monoecious; male \u2013 yellowish brown catkins \u2013 April (smaller than C. americana). Female \u2013 inconspicuous, red buds<\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Extended involucre, covering nut forming a slender beak that is 1-1 \u00bd\u201d beyond the nut. Showy. <\/p>\n\n

Soil<\/strong> - Prefers acidic, rich, moist, well-drained soil. <\/p>\n\n

Other<\/strong> - Used as hedge and for naturalizing. Flowers buds susceptible to early spring frost damage. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - \u2018Manoka\u2019 & \u2018Peoaka\u2019 - bred by Canadian breeder J. U. Gellatly, both hybrids of C. cornuta and C. avellana, called filazels and produce large, early nuts. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce45391e41fc.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","author":"David J. Stang","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/3245\/Beaked_Hazelnut","version":"4.0"},"width":531,"height":800},"imageAltText":"Beaked filbert leaves that ate elliptic to ovate, doubly toothed"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Corylopsis glabrescens <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Fragrant winterhazel <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin <\/strong>- Japan. Introduced in 1905. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 5-8. <\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - 8-15\u2019 in height with similar spread. <\/p>\n\n

Form <\/strong>- Wide-spreading, dense, rounded multi-stemmed shrub. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Slow to medium. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf <\/strong>- Alternate, simple, ovate, acuminate, sometimes slightly pubescent when young. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Perfect, pale yellow, fragrant. Borne in long, pendulous racemes. April, before leaf out. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Dehiscent capsule, not ornamental. <\/p>\n\n

Soil<\/strong> - Prefers moist, acidic, well-drained soil with organic matter. Does not tolerate wet feet. <\/p>\n\n

Other<\/strong> - Used as specimen or in a shrub border, for flower and fragrance. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - Few. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce453e28dda1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Corylopsis_glabrescens_-_fleurs.jpg","version":"4.0"},"width":800,"height":533},"imageAltText":"Fragrant winterhazel with thin branches and pale yellow, long, pendulous racemes"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Corylopsis pauciflora <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Buttercup winterhazel <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin<\/strong> - Japan and Taiwan. Introduced 1862. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 6-8<\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - 4-6\u2019 in height and spread. <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Spreading<\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Slow to medium. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf<\/strong> - Alternate, simple, ovate to broad-ovate. Glabrous above. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Fragrant yellow flowers on long racemes. Mid to late April before leaf out. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Inconspicuous capsule. <\/p>\n\n

Soil<\/strong> - Best suited to a woodland, does not tolerate high pH. <\/p>\n\n

Other <\/strong>- Dainty compared to Corylopsis glabrescens. Need protection from strong wind, and full sun. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - Few. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce454346ba2e.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Corylopsis_pauciflora#\/media\/File:Corylopsis_pauciflora4.jpg","version":"4.0"},"width":2448,"height":3264},"imageAltText":"Buttercup winterhazel with yellow flowers on long racemes"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Cotinus coggygria <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Smokebush <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin<\/strong> - Southern Europe to central China and Himalaya. Cultivated 1656. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - (4) 5-8<\/p>\n\n

Size <\/strong>- 10-15\u2019 in height and spread. <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Upright, spreading, loose, open. Often wider than high, multi-stemmed shrub. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Medium. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf<\/strong> - Alternate, simple, oval to obovate, glabrous, entire. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Yellowish flower, borne sparsely, insignificant. June.Hairs on the pedicels of the flowers very ornamental \u2013 6-8\u201d long and wide panicle of hairs that change colour and provide a smoky effect. June through September. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Kidney-shaped, dry reticulate drupe. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Adaptable to many soil types and pH, tolerates dry rocky soils, prefers well-drained loam. <\/p>\n\n

Other <\/strong>- Becomes straggly with too much pruning. Used in shrub border or groupings. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - \u2018Nordine\u2019 \u2013 royal purple leaf colour, fall foliage yellow to orange-yellow, very hardy. \u2018Royal Purple\u2019 \u2013 new foliage maroon red, darkens to purplish red or black with age. Leaf colour does not fade. \u2018Winecraft Black\u2019 \u2013 2018 introduction. Deep, near-black leaf tone, with height of 4-6\u2019. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce45493e066b.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/113\/Smokebush"},"width":710,"height":462},"imageAltText":"Smokebush with dark foliage"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Cotoneaster apiculatus <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Cranberry cotoneaster <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin<\/strong> - Western China. Introduced in 1910. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 4-7. <\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - 2-3\u2019 in height, 3-6\u2019 spread. <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Low, wide-spreading shrub, stiff branching, mounding, forming a dense tangle. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Slow. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf<\/strong> - Alternate, simple, suborbicular to orbicular-ovate. Lustrous dark green above, glabrous. <\/p>\n\n

Flower<\/strong> - Pink, perfect, solitary, small. Attractive, not overwhelming. Late May to early June. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Pome, cranberry red. August through Septembers, sometimes persistent through winter. Attractive, often heavy fruiting. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Prefers moist well-drained soil but tolerates other conditions. Does not like wet feet. <\/p>\n\n

Other<\/strong> - Known to catch leaves and garbage. Used as a bank cover, foundation plant, hanging over wall, ground cover. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars <\/strong>- \u2018Tom Thumb\u2019 \u2013 compact form, 8-12\u201d tall, red fall colour. <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce454f02c6c8.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/115\/Cranberry_Cotoneaster","version":"4.0"},"width":531,"height":800},"imageAltText":"Cranberry cotoneaster with bright red, round berries and small leaves"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Cotoneaster dammeri <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Bearberry cotoneaster <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin <\/strong>- Central China. Introduced 1900. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 5-7(8). <\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - 1-11\/2\u201d tall, spread more than 6\u2019. <\/p>\n\n

Form <\/strong>- Very low, prostrate, evergreen to semi-evergreen, creeping stems. Branches root when come in contact with soil. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Fast. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf<\/strong> - Alternate, simple, evergreen elliptic to elliptic-oblong. Glabrous and lustrous green. Purplish tinge in fall and winter. <\/p>\n\n

Flower<\/strong> - White, solitary or in pairs. April to late May. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Pome, bright red. Good for colour but sparse. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Adaptable, prefers well-drained soil. One of the easiest cotoneaster to grow. <\/p>\n\n

Other <\/strong>- Requires pruning to keep from getting ragged. Pristine for 3-5 years. Ground cover, used on banks, slopes, masses, in shrub border and foundation plantings. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - \u2018Coral Beauty\u2019 <\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce45575744a7.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/121\/Bearberry_Cotoneaster","version":"4.0"},"width":471,"height":703},"imageAltText":"Bearberry cotoneaster with small, white solitary flowers"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Cotoneaster horizontalis <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Rockspray cotoneaster <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin<\/strong> - Western China. Introduced in 1880. <\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - 5-7. <\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - 2-3\u2019 in height, spreading 5\u2019-8\u2019. <\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Low, flat, dense shrub, horizontally spreading. Layered branching. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate<\/strong> - Slow to medium. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf<\/strong> - Alternate, simple, suborbicular to broad-elliptic. Lustrous dark green, glabrous above, sparingly pubescent beneath. <\/p>\n\n

Flower <\/strong>- Pink, perfect, single or 2 together. Small, but nice show when present in large quantity. May to early June. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Bright red pome. Late August through October, somewhat showy. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Prefers well drained, loose, fertile soil with adequate moisture. Tolerates dry, poor soil, wind and adaptable to various pH. <\/p>\n\n

Other <\/strong>- Ground cover, bank cover, mass plantings. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars <\/strong>- Few.<\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce455c4a5f1b.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/117\/Ground_Cotoneaster","version":"2.0"},"width":800,"height":600},"imageAltText":"Rockspray cotoneaster with alternate, simple, suborbicular leaves"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Daphne x burkwoodii <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Burkwood daphne <\/strong><\/p>\n","answer":"

Origin<\/strong> - Garden origin<\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - (3)4-7(8) <\/p>\n\n

Size<\/strong> - 3\u2019-4\u2019 high<\/p>\n\n

Form<\/strong> - Dense, broad, mounded. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate <\/strong>- Medium<\/p>\n\n

Leaf <\/strong>- Semi-evergreen<\/p>\n\n

Flower<\/strong> - Pinkish, opening white, fragrant borne in terminal umbels. May. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit<\/strong> - Red drupes<\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Well-drained, moist, neutral pH, light to medium shade. <\/p>\n\n

Other <\/strong>- Cross between D. cneorum x D. caucasica. Slow to establish. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars<\/strong> - \u2018Carol Mackie\u2019 \u2013 delicate cream-edged leaf margins, fragrant. \u2018Briggs Moonlight\u2019 -reverse mutation of \u2018Carol Mackie\u2019, plate yellow leaf centers and narrow green margins, slow-growing<\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce4562002a31.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"CC BY-NC","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/746\/Carol_Mackie_Daphne","version":"4.0"},"width":531,"height":800},"imageAltText":"Burkwood daphne with small, white flowers in terminal umbels"},{"tips":{},"text":"

Botanical Name - Daphne cneorum <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n

Common Name - Rose daphne <\/strong><\/p>\n","image":{"path":"images\/image-5ce45678ae8fa.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U","source":"https:\/\/plants.connon.ca\/11100004\/Plant\/130\/Garland_Flower_"},"width":800,"height":532},"answer":"

Origin<\/strong> - Europe<\/p>\n\n

Hardiness Zone<\/strong> - (3)4-7<\/p>\n\n

Size <\/strong>- 6-12\u201d high by 2\u2019 wide<\/p>\n\n

Form <\/strong>- Low, spreading evergreen shrub, forming low, loose masses. <\/p>\n\n

Growth Rate <\/strong>- Slow. <\/p>\n\n

Leaf<\/strong> - Alternate, simple, evergreen, oblanceolate, lustrous dark green above, glaucescent and glaucous beneath. <\/p>\n\n

Flower<\/strong> - Bright pink, fragrant, borne in 6-8 flowered umbels. Late April \u2013 early May. <\/p>\n\n

Fruit <\/strong>- Yellowish brown drupe \u2013 not always present. <\/p>\n\n

Soil <\/strong>- Well-drained, moist, neutral pH, light to medium shade. <\/p>\n\n

Other<\/strong> - Does not transplant well. Protect from wind and strong sun, especially in winter. Like mulch to keep rootzone moist. Short lived. <\/p>\n\n

Cultivars <\/strong>- \u2018Variegata\u2019 \u2013 dainty, cream-edged leaf, known to revert. <\/p>\n","imageAltText":"Rose daphne with many pink and white flowered umbels"}],"behaviour":{"enableRetry":true,"disableBackwardsNavigation":false,"scaleTextNotCard":false,"randomCards":false,"maxProficiency":5,"quickProgression":false},"answer":"Turn","next":"Next","prev":"Previous","retry":"Retry","correctAnswer":"I got it right!","incorrectAnswer":"I got it wrong","round":"Round @round","cardsLeft":"Cards left: @number","nextRound":"Proceed to round @round","showSummary":"Next","summary":"Summary","summaryCardsRight":"Cards you got right:","summaryCardsWrong":"Cards you got wrong:","summaryCardsNotShown":"Cards in pool not shown:","summaryOverallScore":"Overall Score","summaryCardsCompleted":"Cards you have completed learning:","summaryCompletedRounds":"Completed rounds:","summaryAllDone":"Well done! You got all @cards cards correct @max times in a row!","progressText":"Card @card of @total","cardFrontLabel":"Card front","cardBackLabel":"Card back","tipButtonLabel":"Show tip","audioNotSupported":"Your browser does not support this audio","title":"","startOver":"Start over","confirmStartingOver":{"header":"Start over?","body":"All progress will be lost. Are you sure you want to start over?","cancelLabel":"Cancel","confirmLabel":"Start over"}}

HORTHOR04:M4 - Plant List 3

Brian Gould