{"presentation":{"slides":[{"slideBackgroundSelector":{},"elements":[{"x":1.4285714285714286,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":64.71428571428571,"height":96.045197740113,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","alt":"Extinction","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f25ce3bf217e.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":600,"height":450}},"subContentId":"5be15b97-6390-468f-a35a-d5dbe2803177","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":67.14285714285714,"y":5.6585593220338986,"width":30,"height":90.3954802259887,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

1. <\/strong>Geologic periods<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

2.<\/strong> Evidence and causes for 5 major mass extinctions<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

3. <\/strong>Causes for mass extinctions, in general<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

4.<\/strong> The current extinction<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"1871e7d8-ba69-4246-8202-35ce83b064b7","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}]},{"elements":[{"x":1.4285714285714286,"y":64.97175141242938,"width":64.28571428571429,"height":31.073446327683616,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

1. Geologic periods<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Base of a period marked by radiation<\/span> <\/em><\/strong>of species<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

End of period identified by extinction<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"2c26507f-538a-4a60-93a5-c52c67267cec","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":2.857142857142857,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":44.285714285714285,"height":60.16949152542373,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f25ceddd4d55.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":771,"height":529},"alt":"Species over geologic time"},"subContentId":"57857939-5f70-40a6-97d6-37c26a9c6e4f","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":48.57142857142857,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":50,"height":96.045197740113,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

Hiatus or catastrophe?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Sea level drops<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u2013glaciation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u2013drawdown of water<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u2013sedimentation stops on continental shelves<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u2013evolution continues<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

Sea level rises again<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u2013new fossils deposited<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

\u2013apparent sudden change<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

Single bedding plane can represent > 1 million years<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"fb21195b-497b-482c-97da-9291f8079364","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":50,"y":19.774011299435028,"width":28.571428571428573,"height":6.779661016949152,"action":{"library":"H5P.Audio 1.5","params":{"fitToWrapper":true,"playerMode":"full","controls":true,"autoplay":true,"playAudio":"Play audio","pauseAudio":"Pause audio","contentName":"Audio","audioNotSupported":"Your browser does not support this audio","files":[{"path":"audios\/files-5f26d61716df9.m4a","mime":"audio\/mp4","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"subContentId":"86406c43-468f-4e0c-80d7-84aa621bf95e","metadata":{"contentType":"Audio","license":"U","title":"Geologic periods"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.4285714285714286,"y":14.124293785310734,"width":54.57142857142857,"height":76.27118644067797,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","alt":"KT boundary","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f25cfa2834a6.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":704,"height":497}},"subContentId":"64e61ddc-10cc-4844-8b3f-dd09fb8d7224","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":40,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":58.57142857142857,"height":50.847457627118644,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

Gaps in sedimentary record => gaps in fossil record<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n

Need continuous<\/span> sedimentation:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

-deep ocean basins<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

-no possibility of hiatus<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

-marine microfossils (not dinosaurs\u2026)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"c44cf866-fd5a-48df-ab86-12576d205565","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":64.28571428571429,"y":90.3954802259887,"width":30,"height":6.779661016949152,"action":{"library":"H5P.Audio 1.5","params":{"fitToWrapper":true,"playerMode":"full","controls":true,"autoplay":true,"playAudio":"Play audio","pauseAudio":"Pause audio","contentName":"Audio","audioNotSupported":"Your browser does not support this audio","files":[{"path":"audios\/files-5f26d6c61896c.m4a","mime":"audio\/mp4","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"subContentId":"b397118a-7394-4567-98dc-298f2f086687","metadata":{"contentType":"Audio","license":"U","title":"Deep ocean basins"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":27.142857142857142,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":71.42857142857143,"height":93.22033898305085,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

2. Evidence for mass extinctions<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Norman Newell [1909-2005] <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Geology professor at Columbia, curator <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>at AMNH<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

1967 Revolutions in the History of Life<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

-review<\/span><\/span> article<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

-first modern<\/span> look at mass extinction<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

-conceptually equivalent to catastrophism<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

-pointed out 6 mass extinction events <\/span>in the past 550 million years (Phanerozoic<\/span> eon)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"ae17d0ef-d092-4e9d-b01b-4dc699f025f3","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":1.4285714285714286,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":21.428571428571427,"height":64.12429378531074,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f25cff0f3dd2.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":354,"height":536},"alt":"Newell"},"subContentId":"01c69aba-26fd-440f-8850-cdad3f62a831","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":5.714285714285714,"y":87.57062146892655,"width":29.857142857142858,"height":6.779661016949152,"action":{"library":"H5P.Audio 1.5","params":{"fitToWrapper":true,"playerMode":"full","controls":true,"autoplay":true,"playAudio":"Play audio","pauseAudio":"Pause audio","contentName":"Audio","audioNotSupported":"Your browser does not support this audio","files":[{"path":"audios\/files-5f26d73de37fc.m4a","mime":"audio\/mp4","copyright":{"license":"U"}}]},"subContentId":"379b2c73-5a23-47ae-8b8a-c5e42afbc37d","metadata":{"contentType":"Audio","license":"U","title":"Untitled Audio"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.4285714285714286,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":97.14285714285714,"height":42.3728813559322,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

John Sepkoski [1948-1999] - <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>palaeontologist at Univ. of Chicago<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

-review of entire literature (1981)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> -statistical analysis <\/span>of marine fossils<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

somewhat regular extinction events <\/span>(every 26 Myr<\/span><\/span><\/span> in the past 250 Myrs), not really random<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

-3,500 different marine families; 970 extinct<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> -15 mass extinctions, including <\/span>big 5<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span> Ordovician-Silurian late Devonian Permian-Triassic Triassic-Jurassic Cretaceous-Tertiary<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"2231c2f3-0b0b-4356-9800-01dd8b82cd6d","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":75.71428571428571,"y":53.67231638418079,"width":20.845679435141644,"height":40,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f25d072311ca.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":175,"height":170},"alt":"Sepkoski"},"subContentId":"f0d808e2-23bc-48cf-9a20-cfb8d02b9db8","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled 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Mount Tambora and Mount Krakatoa are\/were in INDONESIA<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"82eeb6a8-1102-49a0-9f3b-3ecfe326d68f","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.4285714285714286,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":62.857142857142854,"height":93.50282485875707,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f25d66200829.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":600,"height":450},"alt":"Causes","title":"Consider the Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses by Chamberlin"},"subContentId":"88fd4126-9c47-48a1-87d2-ce23ba3053fe","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":65.71428571428571,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":31.428571428571427,"height":16.949152542372882,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

Consider Chamberlin's \"The method of mulitiple working hypotheses\" and the advice therein<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"3e33eec5-0f16-4848-ad09-5d15be4a7c8a","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.4285714285714286,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":64.28571428571429,"height":95.48022598870057,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f25d6aa3ab7f.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":600,"height":450},"alt":"Can one cause the other?"},"subContentId":"4ab76935-de86-4449-83e0-8750cd942a5a","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":1.4285714285714286,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":62.714285714285715,"height":93.22033898305085,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f25d6c1eccbc.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":600,"height":450},"alt":"The current extinction event"},"subContentId":"b73f7a65-d3be-40bb-953b-fc057293bcb3","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":71.89542483660131,"y":6.451612903225806,"width":26.143790849673202,"height":12.903225806451612,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

Diaspora = the dispersion of any people from their original homeland<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"5b2111f9-0533-4bf3-9cde-df4e17f6ec5e","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":35.68085714285714,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":62.714285714285715,"height":93.22033898305085,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f25d743671f6.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":600,"height":450},"alt":"The current extinction event"},"subContentId":"1f59f815-1736-4652-9373-0799ad30abab","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":37.107142857142854,"y":2.824858757062147,"width":62.714285714285715,"height":93.22033898305085,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f25d75b2218b.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":600,"height":450},"alt":"The current extinction event"},"subContentId":"2be1dbcd-e948-4d4f-8f33-a0292afcbe6e","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}},{"elements":[{"x":33.778999999999996,"y":1.4124293785310735,"width":64.71428571428571,"height":96.045197740113,"action":{"library":"H5P.Image 1.1","params":{"contentName":"Image","file":{"path":"images\/file-5f25d76fde58d.png","mime":"image\/png","copyright":{"license":"U"},"width":600,"height":450},"alt":"The current extinction event"},"subContentId":"72c08cef-0bfe-424b-9275-90d957ed008c","metadata":{"contentType":"Image","license":"U","title":"Untitled Image"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""},{"x":2.178649237472767,"y":17.18415053763441,"width":26.143790849673202,"height":40,"action":{"library":"H5P.AdvancedText 1.1","params":{"text":"

And this leads us to the next topic...the Anthropocene!<\/p>\n"},"subContentId":"f0ff5bde-0dcc-4bba-902e-d547c7ce46fd","metadata":{"contentType":"Text","license":"U","title":"Untitled Text"}},"alwaysDisplayComments":false,"backgroundOpacity":0,"displayAsButton":false,"buttonSize":"big","goToSlideType":"specified","invisible":false,"solution":""}],"slideBackgroundSelector":{}}],"keywordListEnabled":true,"globalBackgroundSelector":{},"keywordListAlwaysShow":false,"keywordListAutoHide":false,"keywordListOpacity":90},"override":{"activeSurface":false,"hideSummarySlide":false,"summarySlideSolutionButton":true,"summarySlideRetryButton":true,"enablePrintButton":true,"social":{"showFacebookShare":false,"facebookShare":{"url":"@currentpageurl","quote":"I scored @score out of @maxScore on a task at @currentpageurl."},"showTwitterShare":false,"twitterShare":{"statement":"I scored @score out of @maxScore on a task at @currentpageurl.","url":"@currentpageurl","hashtags":"h5p, course"},"showGoogleShare":false,"googleShareUrl":"@currentpageurl"}},"l10n":{"slide":"Slide","score":"Score","yourScore":"Your Score","maxScore":"Max Score","total":"Total","totalScore":"Total Score","showSolutions":"Show solutions","retry":"Retry","exportAnswers":"Export text","hideKeywords":"Hide sidebar navigation menu","showKeywords":"Show sidebar navigation menu","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","exitFullscreen":"Exit fullscreen","prevSlide":"Previous slide","nextSlide":"Next slide","currentSlide":"Current slide","lastSlide":"Last slide","solutionModeTitle":"Exit solution mode","solutionModeText":"Solution Mode","summaryMultipleTaskText":"Multiple tasks","scoreMessage":"You achieved:","shareFacebook":"Share on Facebook","shareTwitter":"Share on Twitter","shareGoogle":"Share on Google+","summary":"Summary","solutionsButtonTitle":"Show comments","printTitle":"Print","printIngress":"How would you like to print this presentation?","printAllSlides":"Print all slides","printCurrentSlide":"Print current slide","noTitle":"No title","accessibilitySlideNavigationExplanation":"Use left and right arrow to change slide in that direction whenever canvas is selected.","accessibilityCanvasLabel":"Presentation canvas. Use left and right arrow to move between slides.","containsNotCompleted":"@slideName contains not completed interaction","containsCompleted":"@slideName contains completed interaction","slideCount":"Slide @index of @total","containsOnlyCorrect":"@slideName only has correct answers","containsIncorrectAnswers":"@slideName has incorrect answers","shareResult":"Share Result","accessibilityTotalScore":"You got @score of @maxScore points in total","accessibilityEnteredFullscreen":"Entered fullscreen","accessibilityExitedFullscreen":"Exited fullscreen"}}

104 Mass extinctions

Lisa Tutty